作為語言哲學(xué)研究的核心論題,意義問題歷久彌新、廣受矚目。為了探求語言的意義,人們一直致力于確定句子的真值條件以判斷句子所表達(dá)命題之真?zhèn)巍Ｔ诖诉^程中,我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)一些命題的真值似乎更加難以確定。譬如,我們幾乎可以不假思索地判斷“孔子是中國最偉大的圣人之一”這一句子的真?zhèn)�。可是要判斷“孔子可能是中國最偉大的圣人之一”的真�(zhèn)螀s并非易事。究其原因,前者僅關(guān)涉某可能世界存在的事實(shí),而后者由于包含認(rèn)識模態(tài)詞“可能”而關(guān)涉某種可能性。這類包含認(rèn)識模態(tài)詞的句子(認(rèn)識模態(tài)句,簡稱EMSs)之真值實(shí)難判斷,一方面由于其字面意義與現(xiàn)實(shí)世界和個人背景提供的相關(guān)信息緊密相連、難以分割,另一方面由于我們在交流過程中互相交換并隨時(shí)更新自身持有的思想而導(dǎo)致這些信息隨之改變。因此,EMSs之真值不僅相關(guān)于真實(shí)世界的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況,而且與某人的認(rèn)知信息相關(guān)聯(lián)。問題在于:與誰的認(rèn)知信息關(guān)聯(lián)?言者?聽者?旁觀者?還是其他什么人?這個看似簡單的問題業(yè)已引起了哲學(xué)家、語言學(xué)家和邏輯學(xué)家的廣泛關(guān)注和激烈爭論。就語言哲學(xué)界而言,最小論者、語境論者、表達(dá)論者、永恒論者和相對論者根據(jù)各自語義學(xué)與語用學(xué)分界的不同理解,對EMSs做出了不同的闡釋...

【文章頁數(shù)】：303 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
Acknowledgements
Abstract
摘要
List of Abbreviations
Chapter1 Introduction
    1.1 Rationale
    1.2 Significance of the Study
    1.3 Objectives and Questions
    1.4 Methodology Preliminaries
    1.5 Organizational Structure of the Dissertation
Chapter2 Literature Review:How to Judge the Truth Value of EMSs?
    2.1 Previous Studies on Moderate Contextualism
        2.1.1 Survey of the"Border War"
        2.1.2 Contextualism and Competitive Doctrines
        2.1.3 Moderate Contextualism
    2.2 Previous Studies on EMs and EMSs
        2.2.1 Modals and Epistemic Modals
        2.2.2 Minimalist Construal of EMSs
        2.2.3 Contextualist Solutions to EMSs
        2.2.4 Relativist Solutions to EMSs
        2.2.5 Alternative Accounts of EMSs
        2.2.6 Taking Stock:Clarifications and Distinctions
Chapter3 Semantic Content of EMSs:Changeable or Stable?
    3.1 Content:Dichotomized Classification
        3.1.1 Rethinking Kaplan
        3.1.2 Reconsidering Dummett
        3.1.3 Reexamination of Bidimensional Model of Content
    3.2 Content:Multi-Scaled Classification
        3.2.1 Bach's Tridimensional Sorting
        3.2.2 Recanati's Basic Triad
        3.2.3 Reconsideration of Triad Models of Content
    3.3 Syncretic Model of Content:Four Levels
        3.3.1 A Four-Level Model of Meaning
        3.3.2 Variable Semantic Content of EMSs
Chapter4 Faultless Disagreement on EMSs:To Be or Not To Be?
    4.1 FD:Relativist Treatments
        4.1.1 FD:Definition and Justification
        4.1.2 Account of FD:Moderate Relativism
        4.1.3 Account of Disagreement:Assessment-Sensitivity Relativism
    4.2 FD:A Moderate Contextualist Treatment
        4.2.1"Faultless"and"Disagreement"
            4.2.1.1 Fecility of"Faultless"
            4.2.1.2 Variants of"Disagreement"
        4.2.2 FD:From the Perspective of Moderate Contextualism
    4.3 Faultless Disagreement on EMSs:An Illusion
Chapter5 Context of EMSs:Use,Assessment,or Both?
    5.1 Notions of Context
        5.1.1 Context:From Non-Philosophical Perspectives
        5.1.2 Context:From Perspectives of Philosophy of Language
    5.2 Three Dimensions of Context
        5.2.1 Literal Context
        5.2.2 Situational Context
            5.2.2.1 Conversational Setting
            5.2.2.2 Attained Cognizance
            5.2.2.3 Encyclopedic Knowledge
        5.2.3 Supplemental Context
    5.3 Context of EMSs:An MC Framework
        5.3.1 Context of Use vs.Context of Assessment
        5.3.2 Contextual Effects on EMSs
Chapter6 An MC Model of EMSs:Contextual Intrusion into Truth-Conditional Content?
    6.1 Three Models of EMSs
        6.1.1 Contextualist Model
        6.1.2 Relativist Model
        6.1.3 Expressivist Model
    6.2 An MC Model of EMSs
        6.2.1 EMSs:Expressing Propositions or Attitudes?
        6.2.2 A Model of EMSs:Two Phases
            6.2.2.1 Pre-Assessment Phase of EMSs
            6.2.2.2 Post-Assessment Phase of EMSs
            6.2.2.3 Two Phases:Divergence and Combination
        6.2.3 A Model of EMSs:An MC Perspective
        6.2.4 S/P Interface in EMSs
    6.3 Context-Dependence:A Gradient Continuum
        6.3.1 Two Dimensions of Context-Dependence
        6.3.2 Context-Dependence of EMSs
    6.4 The MC Model of EMSs:Applicable to Other Problem Cases?
        6.4.1 The Puzzle of PPT:Matter of Taste
        6.4.2 Application of the MC Model to PPTs
Chapter7 Conclusion
    7.1 Major Findings
    7.2 Implications
    7.3 Limitations
    7.4 Suggestions for Future Studies
Bibliography
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