本文關(guān)鍵詞：黑龍江省稻瘟病菌致病性和品種抗性改良研究　出處：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 水稻 稻瘟病 稻瘟病菌致病性 抗稻瘟病改良 分子標(biāo)記輔助選擇育種

【摘要】：稻瘟病是由Magnaporthe oryze引起的毀滅性的水稻病害,在世界各水稻產(chǎn)區(qū)均有發(fā)生。黑龍江省是中國重要的粳稻生產(chǎn)區(qū),近年來,由于單一品種推廣面積過大,加大了稻瘟病菌群的定向選擇壓力,導(dǎo)致黑龍江省每隔幾年就會(huì)發(fā)生嚴(yán)重的稻瘟病,造成稻谷大量減產(chǎn)。培育抗稻瘟病品種并推廣種植于稻瘟病易發(fā)區(qū),是非常有效、既經(jīng)濟(jì)又安全的防治稻瘟病的措施。可是黑龍江省抗稻瘟病資源匱乏,急需引入更多的抗稻瘟病基因。在研究抗稻瘟病基因的同時(shí),了解稻瘟病菌致病性,分析無毒基因的組成與時(shí)空分布和抗病基因的抗譜,對水稻抗稻瘟病品種選育與合理布局同樣重要。為明確黑龍江省稻瘟病菌群的致病性與無毒基因的時(shí)空分布及抗病基因的抗譜,同時(shí)為改良黑龍江省寒地粳稻品種的稻瘟病抗性,引入新的抗稻瘟病基因,拓寬抗稻瘟病種質(zhì)資源，開展了以下三方面的研究。1.黑龍江省稻瘟病菌致病性鑒定與抗病基因抗譜于2010、2012、2013年在黑龍江省建三江、寶泉嶺、五常、牡丹江、綏化和佳木斯這6個(gè)水稻主產(chǎn)區(qū)的23個(gè)縣及農(nóng)場,從空育131及其它13個(gè)水稻主栽品種上采集的感病穗頸節(jié)分離、獲得63個(gè)單孢菌株,并利用國際水稻所的31個(gè)水稻抗稻瘟病單基因系研究了這些菌株的致病性及抗稻瘟病基因抗譜。獲得如下結(jié)果：(1)黑龍江省稻瘟病菌群體中強(qiáng)致病力菌株占31.7%,較強(qiáng)致病力菌株占46.0%,中等致病力菌株占22.2%。(2)抗性基因Pi9、Pita-2(R)、Pi-z5(CA)=Pi-12(t)和Pi-ta2(P)對黑龍江省稻瘟病菌的抗譜較寬(74.6%～93.7%),在水稻抗稻瘟病育種中有較大的利用價(jià)值；抗性基因Pia(A)、Pit、Pish(B)、Pi7(t)和Pi19(t)的抗譜很窄(4.8%～19.0%),在育種與生產(chǎn)中宜謹(jǐn)慎使用。2.Pi-1、Pi-2和Pi-33聚合及空育131稻瘟病抗性改良利用分子標(biāo)記技術(shù),通過1次雜交、4次回交和3次自交將Pi-1、Pi-2Pi-33基因分別導(dǎo)入和聚合到空育131中,獲得28個(gè)含不同抗稻瘟病基因的改良株系。人工接種鑒定結(jié)果顯示改良株系抗稻瘟病性明顯提高,其中聚合了3個(gè)抗病基因的株系k165的抗譜明顯寬于空育131和供體親本中金23,且穗頸瘟抗性達(dá)到高抗水平(0級),也明顯優(yōu)于兩個(gè)親本。k165的主要農(nóng)藝性狀與空育131接近,產(chǎn)量提高,可作為優(yōu)良抗病新材料,應(yīng)用于寒地水稻育種和生產(chǎn)。3.Pigm導(dǎo)入及后代材料抗病性與產(chǎn)量鑒定通過分子標(biāo)記與雜交選育相結(jié)合,將Pigm基因?qū)牒鼐酒贩N空育131、龍粳26、墾鑒稻6中,獲得12個(gè)含Pigm的改良株系,與受體親本相比,各導(dǎo)入系對稻瘟病菌的抗譜大幅提高，抗性頻率最高達(dá)98.4%,最低為95.2%。同時(shí)對穗頸瘟的抗性也顯著提高,導(dǎo)入Pigm基因后空育131穗頸瘟由7級提高到1級,龍粳26穗頸瘟由5級提高到0～1級,墾鑒稻6穗頸瘟由7級提高到1-3級�？沼�131導(dǎo)入Pigm基因后,每穗粒數(shù)有所增加,結(jié)實(shí)率下降,但產(chǎn)量差異不顯著,結(jié)實(shí)率下降抵消了每穗粒數(shù)的增加對產(chǎn)量增加的影響。龍粳26導(dǎo)入Pigm基因后,其每穗粒數(shù)增加,結(jié)實(shí)率降低,但只有一個(gè)株系k121增產(chǎn)顯著。墾鑒稻6導(dǎo)入pigm基因后,有效穗數(shù)、結(jié)實(shí)率均降低,每穗粒數(shù)的增加對產(chǎn)量的貢獻(xiàn),超過有效穗數(shù)與結(jié)實(shí)率降低對產(chǎn)量的減少帶來的影響,致使單株產(chǎn)量增加顯著。由此可見,改良寒地粳稻稻瘟病抗性需要注重受體親本的選擇。
[Abstract]:Rice blast is caused by Magnaporthe Oryze devastating rice disease occurred in all rice producing areas of the world. Heilongjiang province is an important area of rice production, Chinese in recent years, due to the promotion of a single species area is too large, the increase of rice blast bacteria directional selection pressure caused by the Heilongjiang Province, every few years there will be rice blast is serious, resulting in a large number of production. Rice cultivation and planting resistant varieties of rice blast in rice blast prone areas, is very effective, not only for rice blast control economic and safety measures. But Heilongjiang province rice blast resistance resource scarcity, the urgent need to introduce more. Rice blast resistance gene of rice blast resistance gene in research at the same time, to understand the pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae, resistance spectrum analysis of composition and spatio-temporal distribution of resistance gene and avirulence genes, are also important for rice blast resistance breeding and reasonable layout. In order to clear Heilongjiang Province The spatial and temporal distribution and resistance spectrum of rice blast resistance genes of pathogenic bacteria and avirulence genes, and for the improvement of rice blast resistance in Japonica Rice Varieties in Heilongjiang Province, the introduction of new blast resistance gene, broaden the germplasm resources resistant to rice blast, carried out the research of Heilongjiang province.1. pathogenicity of rice blast fungus and identification of resistance genes the following three aspects of the resistance spectrum in 201020122013 years in the Heilongjiang province Sanjiang, Mudanjiang, Wuchang, Baoquanling, 23 counties in Suihua and Jiamusi are the 6 major rice producing areas and farms, from Kongyu 131 and other 13 Rice Cultivars Susceptible Varieties collected on the neck of spike separation, 63 single spore strain, and use the international rice of 31 rice monogenic rice lines and pathogenicity of rice blast resistance gene of these strains resistant spectrum. The results are as follows: (1) Heilongjiang province rice blast fungus population strong pathogenicity strains accounted for 31.7%, compared with 寮鴻嚧鐥呭姏鑿屾牚鍗，

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