發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-26 04:20

  本文選題：農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物 + 資源化行為　； 參考：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示,我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中,每年大約會(huì)產(chǎn)生30億噸畜禽糞便和大約7億噸的作物秸稈1。受傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)觀念的影響,大多數(shù)農(nóng)戶將作物秸稈和畜禽糞便當(dāng)做廢棄物來(lái)處理,對(duì)于作物秸稈,往往直接丟棄或就地焚燒,造成了嚴(yán)重的空氣污染;對(duì)于畜禽糞便,隨意排放的現(xiàn)象較為普遍,不僅污染空氣,還會(huì)傳播致病菌,給人類的健康帶來(lái)危害。同時(shí),粗放的處理方式還造成農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物中大量有機(jī)物質(zhì)的浪費(fèi),不利于社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展和生態(tài)文明建設(shè)。農(nóng)戶是農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境行為的主體,是參與農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化利用的主力軍,農(nóng)戶對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化利用的價(jià)值評(píng)判決定其參與意愿,在農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變和農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)中起關(guān)鍵作用。由于農(nóng)戶受傳統(tǒng)觀念的影響,不重視農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物的資源化利用,加之資源化利用能力相對(duì)不足,使這些寶貴的資源被當(dāng)作垃圾處理或丟棄。更糟糕的是,這些農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物直接丟棄會(huì)污染水體、污染空氣、傳播病菌、危害農(nóng)田生態(tài)環(huán)境、最終還會(huì)威脅農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全。要從根本上解決農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物污染與環(huán)境保護(hù)的矛盾,需要轉(zhuǎn)變農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物處理觀念,提高農(nóng)戶對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化的感知價(jià)值,降低感知風(fēng)險(xiǎn),重視農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物的資源化價(jià)值,調(diào)動(dòng)農(nóng)戶生態(tài)環(huán)境行為的積極性,大力培育和形成農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化行為的意愿和行為具有現(xiàn)實(shí)性和緊迫性。本文以湖北省和重慶市的815個(gè)有效樣本農(nóng)戶為研究對(duì)象,以感知價(jià)值相關(guān)理論為基礎(chǔ),主要運(yùn)用結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型的研究方法,對(duì)基于感知價(jià)值的農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化利用行為開(kāi)展研究。研究?jī)?nèi)容主要包括分析農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化利用的必要性、利用潛力和主要利用方式;提煉和開(kāi)發(fā)了農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化感與利益和感知風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的測(cè)量維度和測(cè)量量表,運(yùn)用結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型建模方法探討了農(nóng)戶在感知利益和感知風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素權(quán)衡下,對(duì)農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化感知價(jià)值、資源化意愿與資源化行為的關(guān)系進(jìn)行研究,構(gòu)建了農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化感知價(jià)值權(quán)衡因素模型、農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化行為決策整體模型;厘清了農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化感知價(jià)值的形成機(jī)理,進(jìn)而對(duì)兩個(gè)模型進(jìn)行了實(shí)證檢驗(yàn);基于研究結(jié)果,結(jié)合實(shí)證分析結(jié)果,本研究從政府、企業(yè)、農(nóng)戶三個(gè)方面提出促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化利用的對(duì)策建議。通過(guò)研究,得到以下基本結(jié)論:(1)農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化價(jià)值感知水平低,資源化行為低于意愿。大多數(shù)被調(diào)查樣本農(nóng)戶能夠認(rèn)識(shí)到農(nóng)業(yè)廢物的資源價(jià)值,認(rèn)為農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化是有價(jià)值的,這說(shuō)明農(nóng)戶對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物的資源化利用是有潛在積極性的。然而,值得注意的是,就農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化價(jià)值的感知水平來(lái)看,感知價(jià)值的均值為1.2037,說(shuō)明農(nóng)戶對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化價(jià)值感知的總體水平并不高。同時(shí),研究顯示農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化意愿的均值要高于農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化行為。農(nóng)戶存在意愿與行為不一致的現(xiàn)象,農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化行為是多種因素共同作用的結(jié)果。(2)農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化感知價(jià)值是基于感知利益和感知風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的權(quán)衡。農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化感知利益可以概括為三個(gè)維度:感知基本利益、感知生態(tài)利益、感知社會(huì)利益;農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化感知風(fēng)險(xiǎn)同樣可以概括為三個(gè)維度:感知經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、感知心理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、感知情境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。(3)農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化感知利益的三個(gè)維度對(duì)農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物總體感知利益的影響程度依次為感知社會(huì)利益(FPSB)感知基本利益(FPBB)感知生態(tài)利益(FPEB),影響路徑系數(shù)分別為0.70、0.65、0.61。具體來(lái)講,農(nóng)戶對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化社會(huì)利益的社會(huì)認(rèn)可方面感知最高,責(zé)任分擔(dān)和特殊待遇感知次之;農(nóng)戶對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化基本利益的資源性方面的因素感知較高,經(jīng)濟(jì)性方面的因素感知較低;農(nóng)戶對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化生態(tài)利益的環(huán)保性利益感知最高,安全性利益和健康性利益感知次之。這同時(shí)也反映出,農(nóng)戶對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物面源污染的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)認(rèn)識(shí)不到位。(4)農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化感知風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的三個(gè)維度對(duì)農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物總體感知風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的影響程度依次為感知心理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(FPPR)感知情境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(FPSR)感知經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(FPER),影響路徑系數(shù)分別為0.76、0.61、0.46。具體來(lái)講,農(nóng)戶對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化心理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的知識(shí)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和時(shí)間風(fēng)險(xiǎn)方面感知較高,空間風(fēng)險(xiǎn)方面的感知次之;農(nóng)戶對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化情境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的設(shè)施技術(shù)方面的因素感知較高,政策情境和群體壓力方面的因素感知次之,行為后果方面的因素感知最低。這同時(shí)也反映出,農(nóng)戶對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物面源污染后果的嚴(yán)重性認(rèn)識(shí)不足;農(nóng)戶對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的機(jī)會(huì)成本風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知較高,貨幣風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和效益風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知次之。這與調(diào)研中大多數(shù)樣本農(nóng)戶認(rèn)為“與其花時(shí)間處理農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物,不如外出打工更賺錢(qián)”一致,反映出從事農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的比較效益較低。(5)農(nóng)戶資源化感知價(jià)值通過(guò)資源化意愿間接影響其資源化行為。農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化感知價(jià)值(FPV)對(duì)其資源化行為(FRB)產(chǎn)生正相關(guān)的直接效應(yīng)和間接效應(yīng),直接效應(yīng)估計(jì)值為0.203,間接效應(yīng)估計(jì)值為0.034。說(shuō)明農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化感知價(jià)值直接或通過(guò)其資源化意愿間接影響農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化行為。(6)感知利益對(duì)農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化意愿的影響高于感知風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。就農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化意愿而言,農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化感知利益對(duì)其資源化意愿的影響效應(yīng)為0.471,農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化感知風(fēng)險(xiǎn)對(duì)其感知價(jià)值的影響效應(yīng)為-0.229。這說(shuō)明農(nóng)戶感知利益對(duì)其資源化意愿的影響高于感知風(fēng)險(xiǎn)對(duì)其資源化意愿的影響。換句話說(shuō),農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化感知利益高的農(nóng)戶往往其農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化意愿就高。因此,提高農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化感知利益有利于提高農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化意愿程度。(7)感知風(fēng)險(xiǎn)對(duì)農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化行為的影響高于感知利益。就農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化行為而言,農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化感知利益對(duì)其資源化行為的影響效應(yīng)為0.360,農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化感知風(fēng)險(xiǎn)對(duì)其資源化行為的影響效應(yīng)為-0.384。這說(shuō)明,在農(nóng)戶真正進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化行為決策時(shí),感知風(fēng)險(xiǎn)對(duì)其資源化行為的影響要大于感知利益對(duì)其資源化行為的影響。(8)激勵(lì)型政策對(duì)農(nóng)戶資源化意愿-行為的影響高于約束型政策。激勵(lì)型政策(Motivational Policy)為正向調(diào)節(jié)農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化意愿(FRI)對(duì)農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化行為(FRB)路徑影響的調(diào)節(jié)變量,具有顯著的調(diào)節(jié)作用,也就是說(shuō),激勵(lì)型政策比約束型政策對(duì)農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化意愿-行為的影響更顯著。因此,政府在制定政策時(shí)應(yīng)適當(dāng)采取激勵(lì)型政策措施。為促進(jìn)我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物的資源化利用,政府應(yīng)加強(qiáng)宣傳引導(dǎo),組織農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化利用的相關(guān)知識(shí)與技術(shù)培訓(xùn),制定有利于農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化利用的政策,重視農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化利用基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),創(chuàng)造良好的農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化利用環(huán)境;企業(yè)應(yīng)積極參與農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化利用行為,提供農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化載體與技術(shù)支持,起到典型示范的作用,拓展農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展渠道,實(shí)現(xiàn)規(guī)模效益,提高農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物的資源價(jià)值,促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化利用的產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展;農(nóng)戶應(yīng)提高對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化的價(jià)值感知水平,降低農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化利用的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知水平,發(fā)揮農(nóng)戶的主體主導(dǎo)作用,提高農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化利用的積極性�？傮w來(lái)說(shuō),本文基于農(nóng)戶這一微觀主體,定量研究農(nóng)戶對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化的感知價(jià)值及其影響因素,分析農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化感知價(jià)值的形成機(jī)理,探索農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化感知價(jià)值對(duì)其資源化利用意愿-行為的影響,選題具有一定探索性;本研究基于感知價(jià)值理論,并將其應(yīng)用于農(nóng)戶對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化感知價(jià)值的形成機(jī)理分析和農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化行為的研究中,視角具有一定的創(chuàng)新性。此外,本文開(kāi)發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)了農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化感知價(jià)值的測(cè)量量表和測(cè)量模型,對(duì)農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化感知價(jià)值的形成機(jī)理進(jìn)行了深入分析,具有一定創(chuàng)新性。
[Abstract]:Statistics show that in the process of agricultural production, about 30 million tons of livestock and poultry excrement and about 7 million tons of crop straw are affected by the traditional agricultural concept each year. Most farmers treat crop straw and livestock and poultry manure as waste, and the crop straw is often directly discarded or burned in situ, causing serious air pollution. The casual discharge of livestock and poultry excrement is more common, not only polluting the air, but also spreading pathogenic bacteria, causing harm to human health. At the same time, extensive treatment also causes the waste of a large amount of organic matter in agricultural waste, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of the society and the construction of ecological civilization. The farmers are the agricultural ecological environment behavior. The main body is the main force to participate in the utilization of agricultural waste resources. The value judgment of farmers' utilization of agricultural waste resources determines its willingness to participate, and plays a key role in the transformation of agricultural development mode and the construction of agricultural ecological civilization. The resource utilization ability is relatively inadequate, so that these valuable resources are treated as garbage disposal or discarded. Worse, these agricultural wastes will pollute the water body, pollute the air, spread the bacteria, endanger the ecological environment of the farmland, and ultimately threaten the quality of agricultural products. The contradiction of protection needs to change farmers' concept of agricultural waste disposal, improve farmers' perceived value of agricultural waste resources, reduce perceived risk, pay attention to the resource value of agricultural waste, arouse the enthusiasm of farmers' ecological environment behavior, and cultivate and form the willingness and behavior of farmers' agricultural waste resources. In this paper, 815 effective samples of farmers in Hubei and Chongqing are taken as the research object, based on the theory of perceived value, and the research method of structural equation model is mainly used to study the behavior of agricultural waste resource utilization based on perceived value. The main contents of this study include the analysis of agricultural waste. The necessity of resource utilization, the utilization of potential and the main ways of utilization, the measurement dimension and measurement scale of farmers' sense of resource and perceived risk are extracted and developed, and the structure equation modeling method is used to discuss farmers' agricultural waste resources on the balance of perceived benefits and perceived risk factors. The relationship between the perceived value and the resource-based will and the relationship between the resource-based behavior is studied. The factor model of the perceived value of farmers' agricultural waste resources is constructed, and the overall model of the agricultural waste resource utilization decision is made. The formation mechanism of the perceived value of the agricultural waste resources is clarified, and the two models are also carried out. Based on the results of the study, combined with the results of the empirical analysis, the research from three aspects of the government, enterprises and farmers to promote the utilization of agricultural waste resources. Through the study, the following basic conclusions are obtained: (1) the value perception of agricultural waste resources of farmers is low, and the behavior of resources is lower than will. Most of the samples are investigated. Farmers can recognize the value of agricultural waste resources, think that agricultural waste resource is valuable, which shows that the utilization of agricultural waste resources is potential positive. However, it is worth noting that the perceived value of the value of agricultural waste resources is 1.2037, indicating that farmers are right. The overall level of the value perception of agricultural waste resources is not high. At the same time, the study shows that the mean value of farmers' agricultural waste resource utilization is higher than that of agricultural waste resource utilization. The phenomenon of peasant household's intention and behavior is not consistent, and the agricultural waste resource utilization is the result of various factors. (2) agriculture The perceived value of waste resource utilization is based on the trade-off between perceived benefit and perceived risk. The perceived benefits of agricultural waste resources can be summarized into three dimensions: perception of basic interests, perception of ecological interests, and perceived social interests; the perceived risk of agricultural waste resources in farmers can be summarized as three dimensions: perceived economic risk, (3) the influence degree of the three dimensions of agricultural waste resource perception on the overall perceived benefit of agricultural waste in farmers is the perceived social interest (FPSB) perceived basic interest (FPBB) perceived ecological benefits (FPEB), and the impact path coefficient is 0.70,0.65,0.61., respectively. The social recognition of the social benefits of industrial waste resources is the highest, the sharing of responsibility and the perception of special treatment are the second. The farmers are more aware of the resources in the basic interests of agricultural waste resources, and the factors of economic factors are lower. At the same time, the security interests and health interests are perceived to be the second. This also reflects that farmers' awareness of the safety risk of agricultural waste non-point source pollution is not in place. (4) the three dimensions of the perceived risk of agricultural waste resource perception on the overall perceived risk of agricultural waste are in the sense of perceived psychological risk (FPPR). Risk (FPSR) perception of economic risk (FPER), the impact of the path coefficient is 0.76,0.61,0.46. specifically speaking, farmers are more aware of the knowledge risk and time risk of the psychological risk of agricultural waste resources, the perception of space risk is second, and the farmer's sense of the situation risk of agricultural waste resources in the facilities and technology At the same time, it also reflects that farmers are less aware of the serious consequences of agricultural waste non-point source pollution, and that farmers' perceived cost risks of agricultural waste resource utilization are higher, monetary risk and benefit wind. Risk perception is second. Most of the sample farmers in the survey think that "it is better to spend more time to deal with agricultural waste than going out to work and make more money", which reflects the relatively low comparative benefit of agricultural production. (5) the perceived value of resource utilization of farmers indirectly affects its resource-based behavior through the willingness of resources. FPV has a direct and indirect effect on its FRB. The estimation value of the direct effect is 0.203. The indirect effect estimate is 0.034., which indicates that the perceived value of agricultural waste resources is directly or indirectly influenced by the willingness of the agricultural waste. (6) the perceived benefit to agriculture. The influence of farmers' agricultural waste resource perception interest on their resource willingness is 0.471, and the effect of agricultural waste resource perception risk on their perceived value is -0.229., which explains the sense of farmers' sense of farmers' sense of agricultural waste. The influence of knowledge interest on its resource will is higher than that of perceived risk. In other words, farmers with high awareness of agricultural waste resources tend to be more willing to utilize agricultural waste resources. Therefore, improving the perceived benefit of agricultural waste resources is beneficial to the improvement of farmers' agricultural waste resources. (7) the impact of perceived risk on Farmers' agricultural waste resource utilization is higher than that of perceived benefit. In terms of farmers' agricultural waste resources, the impact of farmers' agricultural waste resource perception on their resource-based behavior is 0.360, and the impact of agricultural waste resources perceived risk on their resource behavior is influenced by farmers' agricultural waste. The effect is -0.384., which indicates that the impact of perceived risk on its resource-based behavior is greater than the impact of perceived benefit on its resource-based behavior. (8) the incentive policy has a higher impact on the willingness and behavior of farmers' resource-based behavior than the constrained policy. Incentive policy (Motivational Policy). In order to adjust the adjustment variables of farmers' agricultural waste resource utilization (FRI) on Farmers' agricultural waste resource utilization (FRB) path, the incentive policy has a more significant impact on the willingness and behavior of agricultural waste resources. Therefore, the government is making policy. In order to promote the resource utilization of agricultural waste in China, the government should strengthen the propaganda and guidance, organize the related knowledge and technical training for the utilization of agricultural waste resources, formulate policies that are beneficial to the utilization of agricultural waste resources, and attach importance to the construction of the infrastructure of agricultural waste resource utilization and the creation of the infrastructure for the utilization of agricultural wastes. Good agricultural waste resources utilization environment; enterprises should actively participate in the utilization of agricultural waste resources, provide the carrier and technical support of agricultural waste resources, play the role of typical demonstration, expand the development channels of agricultural waste resources, realize scale benefit, improve the value of agricultural waste resources and promote agriculture. The industrial development of the utilization of industrial waste resources; farmers should improve the level of perceived value of the value of agricultural waste resources, reduce the risk perception level of agricultural waste resource utilization, play the dominant role of farmers, and improve the utilization of agricultural waste. The quantitative study of farmers' perceived value of agricultural waste resources and its influencing factors, analysis the formation mechanism of the perceived value of agricultural waste resources and explore the impact of the perceived value of agricultural waste resources on the willingness and behavior of their resource utilization, which is based on the sense of perceived value. In the study of the formation mechanism analysis of farmers' perceived value of agricultural waste resources and the study of agricultural waste resources, the perspective has a certain innovation. In addition, this paper develops a measurement scale and measurement model for the perceived value of agricultural waste resources. The formation mechanism of perceived value has been deeply analyzed, and it is innovative.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F327
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本文編號(hào)：1804464