本文關鍵詞：基于開放數據的住宅用地集約利用評價　出處：《中國地質大學(北京)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 住宅用地 集約用地評價 開放數據 人工神經網絡 北京市

【摘要】：住宅用地的合理布局與高效利用不僅影響城市的發(fā)展形態(tài),還關系到人們的日常生活及居住環(huán)境。隨著我國城鎮(zhèn)化進程的加快,城市住宅用地需求量大幅度增加,如何集約利用住宅用地成為當前我國城市發(fā)展亟待解決的重要問題之一。本文以北京市住宅用地作為研究主體,在住宅用地功能分析的基礎上提出了住宅用地服務承載力的概念,構建了住宅用地集約利用評價指標體系。通過網絡爬蟲及網絡應用程序接口獲取住宅小區(qū)及其周邊服務設施空間和屬性數據,利用二次空間疊加分析方法對住宅用地進行地塊的識別和提取,并構建了住宅用地數據庫。通過問卷調查的方式確定服務設施的服務半徑,并利用核密度函數對住宅用地服務承載力進行計算。最后在九個地價等級劃分的基礎上構建BP神經網絡,對北京市住宅用地進行集約利用評價,并根據評價結果提出住宅用地未來的潛力挖掘方案,為住宅用地政策制定提供建議。通過研究得出以下結論:(1)通過網絡開放數據提取土地利用數據是一種便捷、快速、免費的方法,它可以有效地解決傳統(tǒng)土地數據獲取困難的問題,并結合海量的網絡數據豐富土地利用數據的屬性,從而挖掘土地利用數據中包含的更多信息。(2)住宅區(qū)周邊服務設施的密度和距離與住宅區(qū)人口、容積率、占地面積以及地價有顯著的相關性,住宅區(qū)位條件越好,承載的居住人口越多,其周邊的服務設施越密集。反之,遠離市中心的住宅區(qū),服務設施不完善,承載的居住人口數也就越少。(3)目前北京市住宅用地整體利用狀況合理,集約利用的住宅區(qū)占主體。不合理利用地塊主要分布在各行政區(qū)交接處,以東北-西南方向為界形成明顯的分區(qū):西北方向過度利用住宅區(qū)域面積較大,東南方向住宅區(qū)以低度利用為主。各個行政區(qū)及不同地價等級區(qū)域之間的住宅用地集約度各有差異。(4)未來北京市住宅用地仍有很大的挖掘潛力,建議城市的東南方向為今后住宅建設的主要發(fā)展方向,并通過城市加密及城市擴展來進一步提升北京市住宅用地的集約度水平,促進住宅用地合理利用。
[Abstract]:Development of residential land rational distribution and efficient utilization not only affects the city, but also related to people's daily life and living environment. With the rapid process of urbanization in China, city residential land demand greatly increased, how the intensive use of residential land has become one of the important problems to be solved for the development of the city taking Beijing city residential land as the research subject, analyzing the land use function in the housing on the concept of residential land service capacity, construction of residential land intensive utilization evaluation index system. Access to residential areas and service facilities around the space and attribute data through the web crawler and web application interface, analysis the method of identification and extraction of residential land plots with two spatial overlay, and the construction of the residential land database. Through the questionnaire survey to determine the service Facilities and service radius, using the kernel density function of the residential land service capacity calculation. Finally build the BP neural network based on nine land classification, the Beijing city residential land intensive use evaluation, and according to the evaluation results of residential potential future mining plan, policy advice for residential use. The conclusions are as follows: (1) through the open web data extraction data of land use is a convenient, fast and free method, it can effectively solve the traditional land data acquisition problem, combined with the massive network data rich data attributes of land use, land use and mining more the information contained in the data. (2) the service facilities around the residential areas and residential population density and distance, volume rate, and covers an area of land has significant correlation, residential area A better living conditions, more population, its surrounding facilities more intensive. On the contrary, far away from the downtown residential area, service facilities are not perfect, the number of population bearing is also less. (3) the current Beijing city residential land use overall situation is reasonable, the intensive use of residential areas is not dominant. The rational use of land is mainly distributed in the administrative region at the handover, to the northeast and southwest border formed obvious Zoning: Northwest excessive use of residential area is large, the southeast direction of the residential area dominated by low use. Among the various administrative regions and different price level area of residential land intensive degree is different. (4 Beijing city) future residential land still has great potential, the southeast suggest that city is the main development direction in the future housing construction, and through the city encryption and expansion of the city to further enhance the Beijing city residential land The level of intensive degree will promote the rational use of residential land.

【學位授予單位】：中國地質大學(北京)
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F299.23

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本文編號：1372692