發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-11 04:14

【摘要】：混聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力汽車以其高燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性和優(yōu)良的駕駛性能受到廣大汽車廠商和消費(fèi)者的青睞。目前最成功的混聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力汽車日本豐田普銳斯采用基于行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)的電控?zé)o級(jí)變速裝置,可使內(nèi)燃機(jī)不依賴于路況始終工作在燃油高效區(qū),提高了汽車的燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性,降低了尾氣排放�；诩冸姍C(jī)方案的電控?zé)o級(jí)變速裝置可實(shí)現(xiàn)相同的功能,同時(shí)具有結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊和控制靈活的優(yōu)勢(shì),是混合動(dòng)力汽車領(lǐng)域寄予厚望的發(fā)展方向。然而,早期的有刷式電機(jī)方案需要電刷滑環(huán)饋電,降低了系統(tǒng)的可靠性。本文提出了一種軸向磁場(chǎng)調(diào)制型無(wú)刷雙轉(zhuǎn)子電機(jī)(Axial-Magnetic-Field-Modulated Brushless Double-Rotor Machine,AMFM-BDRM),該電機(jī)與常規(guī)永磁同步電機(jī)相結(jié)合,構(gòu)成軸向磁場(chǎng)調(diào)制型無(wú)刷復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)電機(jī)方案。該無(wú)刷式電機(jī)方案解決了有刷式電機(jī)方案電刷滑環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)可靠性差、內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)子散熱困難、旋轉(zhuǎn)繞組動(dòng)平衡難以保證等問(wèn)題,且其扁平型結(jié)構(gòu)提高了軸向空間利用率,在轉(zhuǎn)矩密度上具有潛在優(yōu)勢(shì)。本文所做工作主要包括以下幾個(gè)部分:首先,研究了軸向磁場(chǎng)調(diào)制型無(wú)刷雙轉(zhuǎn)子電機(jī)的工作原理和基本電磁設(shè)計(jì)方法。采用解析分析方法研究了磁場(chǎng)調(diào)制作用對(duì)氣隙磁密分布的影響規(guī)律,建立了軸向磁場(chǎng)調(diào)制型無(wú)刷雙轉(zhuǎn)子電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速解耦及轉(zhuǎn)矩定比傳遞的數(shù)學(xué)模型。推導(dǎo)了軸向磁場(chǎng)調(diào)制型無(wú)刷雙轉(zhuǎn)子電機(jī)的齒槽轉(zhuǎn)矩,并探討了永磁調(diào)制諧波和定子電樞調(diào)制諧波的相互作用對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)矩波動(dòng)的影響規(guī)律�；邴溈怂鬼f應(yīng)力張量法并結(jié)合三維有限元仿真,研究了定子、永磁轉(zhuǎn)子極對(duì)數(shù)和導(dǎo)磁塊個(gè)數(shù)的匹配對(duì)電機(jī)不平衡軸向磁拉力的影響規(guī)律,給出了該類電機(jī)的基本電磁設(shè)計(jì)方法。其次,為解決三維有限元分析模型復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題并提高電機(jī)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的靈活度,建立了基于等效面電流法的簡(jiǎn)化二維解析模型和考慮定子齒槽效應(yīng)的精確二維解析模型�？紤]電機(jī)內(nèi)磁場(chǎng)沿徑向分布的相似性規(guī)律,建立了基于電樞繞組等效面電流法的簡(jiǎn)化二維解析模型,推導(dǎo)了空載反電勢(shì)、電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩和軸向磁拉力的解析表達(dá)式。建立了考慮定子齒槽效應(yīng)的二維精確解析模型對(duì)前述解析表達(dá)式進(jìn)行修正,并與三維有限元仿真結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比,論述了解析分析模型的精度和適用范圍。再次,研究了軸向磁場(chǎng)調(diào)制型無(wú)刷雙轉(zhuǎn)子電機(jī)的功率因數(shù)、單側(cè)軸向磁拉力、電機(jī)不對(duì)稱和渦流損耗等特殊電磁問(wèn)題。針對(duì)電機(jī)功率因數(shù)偏低的問(wèn)題,探討了每相繞組串聯(lián)匝數(shù)、直徑比和內(nèi)功率因數(shù)角等參數(shù)對(duì)功率因數(shù)的影響規(guī)律,提出了有效提高功率因數(shù)的方法�；邴溈怂鬼f應(yīng)力張量法研究了電機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對(duì)軸向磁拉力的影響規(guī)律。評(píng)估了永磁轉(zhuǎn)子平移、傾斜和兩側(cè)磁鋼不對(duì)稱等電機(jī)不對(duì)稱情況對(duì)氣隙磁密、軸向磁拉力、空載反電勢(shì)和電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩的影響。研究了損耗構(gòu)成及其所占比重,分析了雙轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速對(duì)永磁體渦流損耗的影響規(guī)律,探討了永磁體分塊方式對(duì)永磁體渦流損耗的抑制效果。針對(duì)現(xiàn)有方案功率因數(shù)低、永磁體渦流損耗大的問(wèn)題,提出了兩種改進(jìn)型結(jié)構(gòu)方案:永磁轉(zhuǎn)子改進(jìn)型結(jié)構(gòu)方案和雙轉(zhuǎn)子改進(jìn)型結(jié)構(gòu)方案,并評(píng)估了方案的有效性。最后,設(shè)計(jì)并制造了一臺(tái)軸向磁場(chǎng)調(diào)制型無(wú)刷雙轉(zhuǎn)子電機(jī)的樣機(jī),搭建了實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)并進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試。通過(guò)對(duì)樣機(jī)空載反電勢(shì)、空載損耗、輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩、功率因數(shù)和效率的測(cè)試與分析,驗(yàn)證了理論分析的正確性和可行性。通過(guò)混合動(dòng)力汽車工況模擬實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證了電機(jī)具有轉(zhuǎn)速調(diào)節(jié)和轉(zhuǎn)矩定比傳遞的功能,為軸向磁場(chǎng)調(diào)制型無(wú)刷雙轉(zhuǎn)子電機(jī)在混合動(dòng)力汽車中的應(yīng)用奠定了理論和技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The high-fuel economy and excellent driving performance of the hybrid-type hybrid vehicle are favored by the automobile manufacturers and consumers. At present, the most successful hybrid-type hybrid electric vehicle, Toyota Prius, adopts an electric-controlled stepless speed-changing device based on a planetary gear mechanism, so that the internal-combustion engine can not be always operated in the fuel efficient area according to the road condition, and the fuel economy of the automobile is improved, and the emission of the tail gas is reduced. The electric control stepless speed change device based on the pure motor scheme can realize the same function, and has the advantages of compact structure and flexible control, and is the development direction of the mixed power automobile. However, the early brush-type motor scheme requires a brush slip ring to feed, which reduces the reliability of the system. In this paper, an axial magnetic field-modulated brushless double-rotor machine (AMFM-BDRM) is proposed, which is combined with a conventional permanent-magnet synchronous motor to form an axial magnetic field-modulated brushless composite structure motor scheme. The brushless motor scheme solves the problems of poor reliability of the brush slip ring structure of the brush type motor scheme, difficulty in heat dissipation of the inner rotor, difficulty in ensuring the dynamic balance of the rotating winding, and the like, and the flat structure of the brushless motor scheme improves the axial space utilization rate and has the potential advantage in the torque density. The work of this paper mainly includes the following parts: firstly, the working principle and the basic electromagnetic design method of the axial magnetic field modulation type brushless double-rotor motor are studied. The influence of the magnetic field modulation on the magnetic density distribution of the air gap is studied by the analytical method, and the mathematical model of the rotational speed decoupling and the torque constant ratio transfer of the axial magnetic field modulation type brushless double-rotor motor is established. The cogging torque of the axial magnetic field modulation type brushless double-rotor motor is derived, and the influence of the interaction of the permanent magnet modulation harmonic and the stator armature modulation harmonic on the torque fluctuation is discussed. Based on the Maxwell stress tensor method and combined with the three-dimensional finite element simulation, the influence of the matching of the number of pole pairs of the stator, the permanent magnet rotor and the number of the square blocks on the unbalanced axial magnetic tension of the motor is studied, and the basic electromagnetic design method of the motor is given. Secondly, in order to solve the complicated problem of the three-dimensional finite element analysis model and to improve the flexibility of the motor optimization design, a simplified two-dimensional analytical model based on the equivalent surface current method and an accurate two-dimensional analytical model considering the effect of the stator tooth space are established. Considering the similarity of the magnetic field in the motor along the radial distribution, a simplified two-dimensional analytical model based on the equivalent surface current method of the armature winding is established, and the analytical expression of the no-load reverse potential, the electromagnetic torque and the axial magnetic force is derived. In this paper, a two-dimensional accurate analysis model, which takes into account the stator tooth space effect, is established to correct the analytical expression, and compared with the three-dimensional finite element simulation results, the accuracy and the application range of the analytical model are discussed. Thirdly, the special electromagnetic problems such as power factor, single-side axial magnetic tension, asymmetric motor and eddy current loss of the axial magnetic field-modulated brushless double-rotor motor are studied. In view of the low power factor of the motor, the influence of the number of turns, the diameter ratio and the internal power factor angle of each phase winding on the power factor is discussed, and the method of effectively improving the power factor is put forward. The influence of motor structure parameters on axial magnetic tension is studied based on Maxwell's stress tensor method. The effects of non-symmetry of the motor on the magnetic density, axial magnetic tension, no-load reverse potential and the electromagnetic torque of the permanent-magnet rotor, such as the translation, the tilt and the non-symmetry of the magnetic steel on both sides, are evaluated. The influence of the double rotor speed on the eddy current loss of the permanent magnet is analyzed, and the effect of the block mode of the permanent magnet on the eddy current loss of the permanent magnet is discussed. In view of the problems of low power factor and large eddy current loss of the permanent magnet, two improved structure schemes are proposed: the improved structure scheme of the permanent magnet rotor and the improved structure of the double rotor, and the effectiveness of the scheme is evaluated. Finally, a prototype of an axial magnetic field modulated brushless double-rotor motor was designed and manufactured, and the experimental platform was built and the experiment was carried out. The correctness and feasibility of the theoretical analysis are verified by the test and analysis of no-load reverse potential, no-load loss, output torque, power factor and efficiency of the prototype. The function of the motor with the speed regulation and the torque constant ratio transmission is verified by the simulation experiment of the mixed power automobile working condition, and the theoretical and technical basis is laid for the application of the axial magnetic field modulation type brushless double-rotor motor in the hybrid vehicle.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U469.7

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