本文選題：電化學(xué)沉積 + 電化學(xué)傳感器　； 參考：《北京科技大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：電化學(xué)沉積是一種在外加電壓或電流的作用下,使電解質(zhì)溶液中的待沉積物質(zhì)在陽極或陰極生成功能性薄膜或涂層的技術(shù)。由于它具有成本低,工藝簡單,操作容易,環(huán)保安全和適用性廣的特點,目前已被廣泛應(yīng)用于電鍍、表面修飾、防腐及電化學(xué)傳感器等領(lǐng)域中。電化學(xué)沉積技術(shù)可以將各種功能性材料如金屬、金屬氧化物、碳材料、非金屬氧化物及復(fù)合材料沉積到基體電極上來構(gòu)建具有寬的線性范圍、低的檢測限和良好穩(wěn)定性及選擇性的電化學(xué)傳感器。近幾年來,電化學(xué)沉積技術(shù)被拓展應(yīng)用到刑偵科學(xué)領(lǐng)域中,通過在遺留有潛指紋的導(dǎo)電金屬客體上空間選擇性地電化學(xué)沉積多種物質(zhì)來顯現(xiàn)潛指紋。本文通過電化學(xué)沉積石墨烯方法構(gòu)建了性能良好的電化學(xué)傳感器,并用于檢測中藥藥物中的和厚樸酚含量及飲料中的生物胺。另外,本文首次將一種新型離子液體體系——極低共熔溶劑應(yīng)用于電化學(xué)共沉積銀-銅顯現(xiàn)導(dǎo)電金屬客體表面的潛指紋。1)電化學(xué)沉積石墨烯制備的修飾電極在和厚樸酚電化學(xué)傳感器中的應(yīng)用通過電化學(xué)還原并沉積氧化石墨烯的方法構(gòu)建了和厚樸酚的電化學(xué)傳感器,克服了目前用于和厚樸酚檢測的石墨烯修飾電極制備過程中的耗時和難以得到均勻且有效修飾量不可控等缺點。該傳感器對和厚樸酚具有良好的催化性能和信號放大作用。通過對石墨烯的修飾量、電解質(zhì)溶液的pH、富集電位和富集時間四個實驗條件的優(yōu)化,該傳感器對和厚樸酚的線性范圍達(dá)到了5.0×10-9～1.0×10-5M,最低檢測限為1.7 nM,優(yōu)于大多數(shù)同類型的電化學(xué)傳感器。此外,該傳感器具有良好的重現(xiàn)性和選擇性,并且對實際樣品中的和厚樸酚有較好的回收率。2)基于電化學(xué)沉積石墨烯方法構(gòu)建的生物胺電化學(xué)傳感器首次報道了采用電化學(xué)沉積石墨烯方法構(gòu)建的生物胺電化學(xué)傳感器。石墨烯修飾電極具有較大的電化學(xué)活性面積和更快的電子傳遞速率,對于章胺和酪胺兩種生物胺具有良好的催化和信號放大作用。經(jīng)過石墨烯的修飾量和電解質(zhì)溶液的pH的優(yōu)化后,該傳感器表現(xiàn)出了優(yōu)于大多數(shù)同類型傳感器的性能。章胺和酪胺的線性檢測范圍分別為5.0×10-7～4.0×10-5M和1.0×10-7～2.5×10-5M,最低檢測限分別為100 nM和30 nM。此外,該傳感器還具有良好的重現(xiàn)性、抗干擾能力和穩(wěn)定性,并且對實際樣品中的章胺和酪胺有較好的回收率。3)極低共熔溶劑中電化學(xué)共沉積銀-銅顯現(xiàn)導(dǎo)電金屬客體表面的潛指紋在一種極低共熔溶劑中電化學(xué)共沉積銀-銅來顯現(xiàn)了導(dǎo)電金屬客體表面的潛指紋,首次實現(xiàn)了離子液體體系中潛指紋的高分辨率顯現(xiàn)。經(jīng)過過沉積電位和沉積時間的優(yōu)化,該方法可以在短時間(1-5 min)內(nèi)得到高對比度的潛指紋顯現(xiàn)圖像,并且該圖像能夠提供清晰的第二水平信息。此外,該方法可以顯現(xiàn)多種不同顏色、粗糙程度和導(dǎo)電性的金屬客體(鎂、鋁、鋅、不銹鋼、銅、導(dǎo)電玻璃和人民幣硬幣)表面的各類潛指紋(油性潛指紋、自然潛指紋、新鮮和陳舊潛指紋),是一種簡單、快速、環(huán)保、適用客體廣,顯現(xiàn)材料豐富、靈敏度高的新方法,具備良好的實際應(yīng)用價值。
[Abstract]:Electrochemical deposition is a kind of applied voltage or current under the action of the material to be deposited in the electrolyte solution in the anode or cathode to generate functional film or coating technology. Because it has the advantages of low cost, simple process, easy operation, safety and wide applicability, it has been widely used in electroplating. Surface modification, anticorrosion and electrochemical sensors etc.. The electrochemical deposition technique can be a variety of functional materials such as metal, metal oxide, carbon materials, metal oxides and non composite material deposited onto the substrate electrode to construct with wide linear range, low detection limit and electrochemical sensor with good stability and selectivity in recent years. That is to expand the application of electrochemical deposition technique in the field of science of criminal investigation, through the conductive metal objects have latent fingerprints in the remaining space on the selective deposition of various substances geoelectrochemictry To latent fingerprints. This paper constructs the electrochemical sensor with good performance by method of electrochemical deposition of graphene graphite, and used for the determination of biogenic amines in traditional Chinese medicine and magnolol content and beverage. In addition, this is the first time a new type of ionic liquid system -- low eutectic solvents used in the electrochemical deposition of silver - Copper show the conductive metal object surface latent fingerprint.1) method using modified electrode electrochemical deposition preparation of graphene in honokiol electrochemical sensors through electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide deposition and electrochemical sensor constructed of honokiol, currently used for time-consuming process in the preparation of graphene modified electrode preparation and detection of magnolol it is difficult to obtain uniform and effective modification is not controllable. Overcome the shortcoming that the sensor has good catalytic performance and signal amplification of honokiol by. Modification of graphene, pH of electrolyte solution, optimize the accumulation potential and time of the four experimental conditions, the linear range of the sensor and honokiol reached 5 * 10-9 ~ 1 * 10-5M, the lowest detection limit is 1.7 nM, the electrochemical sensor better than most of the same type. In addition, the sensor has good the reproducibility and selectivity, and good recovery rate of.2 in real samples and honokiol) electrochemical sensor construction method of electrochemical deposition of biogenic amines was reported for the first time based on graphite electrochemical sensor of biogenic amines constructed by electrochemical deposition method of graphene. The graphene modified graphite electrode with electrochemical active area of larger and faster electronic transfer rate, has good catalytic and signal amplification effect on histamine and tyramine chapter two biogenic amines. After modification, the electrolyte solution of graphene pH. After that, the sensor showed better than most of the same type of sensor performance. The linear detection range octopamine and tyramine were 5 * 10-7 ~ 4 * 10-5M and 1 * 10-7 ~ 2.5 * 10-5M, the lowest detection limits were 100 nM and 30 nM. in addition, the sensor has good repeatability. Anti interference ability and stability, and good recovery rate of.3: histamine and tyramine in real samples) very low eutectic solvents in electrochemical co deposition of silver - Copper latent fingerprints of conductive metal object surface in a low eutectic solvent in electrochemical deposition of silver - copper to show potential the fingerprint of conductive metal surfaces, for the first time to achieve a high resolution in ionic liquid system latent fingerprint. After optimization of the deposition potential and deposition time, the method can in a short time (1-5 min) in latent fingerprint with high contrast image and the image appears. The second level can provide clear information. In addition, this method can show a variety of different colors, metal object roughness and conductivity (magnesium, aluminum, zinc, stainless steel, copper, conductive glass and RMB coins) all kinds of latent fingerprint surface (oily fingerprints, natural latent fingerprints, fresh and old fingerprints). Is a simple, fast, environmental protection, wide applicable object, showing abundant material, a new method of high sensitivity, good practical application value.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：O657.1

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