發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-29 09:29

  本文選題：超聲波　切入點(diǎn)：仿真模擬　出處：《江蘇大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：超聲波輔助提取技術(shù)是一種安全、無毒、環(huán)保,并能夠大幅度提高提取率以及降低能耗的新型綠色提取技術(shù)。超聲波作為一種輔助提取手段被廣泛應(yīng)用于有效組分的提取工藝中,從而達(dá)到提高有效組分傳質(zhì)速率、加速提取進(jìn)程和提高提取產(chǎn)率的目的。在超聲波輔助提取設(shè)備中,由于聲壓在傳播介質(zhì)中分布的不均勻性,超聲波大規(guī)模被應(yīng)用于工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)時(shí)仍然存在放大設(shè)計(jì)的難題。大米蛋白具有合理的氨基酸組成、唯一的低變應(yīng)原和高營養(yǎng)價(jià)值的優(yōu)點(diǎn),被公認(rèn)為優(yōu)質(zhì)的谷物蛋白;米渣是大米生產(chǎn)糖漿過程的副產(chǎn)物,價(jià)格低廉且蛋白質(zhì)含量豐富(一般在40%以上),是提取大米蛋白的理想蛋白源。本文首先借助COMSOL Multiphysics仿真模擬軟件,通過對(duì)逆流超聲波輔助提取設(shè)備中的聲場(chǎng)、流體場(chǎng)、溫度場(chǎng)和傳質(zhì)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行計(jì)算,建立聲場(chǎng)與流速、溫度、傳質(zhì)之間相互耦合的多物理場(chǎng)仿真模型,考察超聲波對(duì)提取有效成分的作用效果;第二選取米渣為原料,用逆流超聲波輔助提取設(shè)備提取米渣蛋白,考察超聲波對(duì)輔助提取米渣蛋白提取率的影響,依此結(jié)果驗(yàn)證仿真模擬預(yù)測(cè)提取效果的可行性;第三,基于混合物流體中聲壓場(chǎng)分布、流體速度和固體顆粒體積分?jǐn)?shù)的變化,進(jìn)一步探討超聲波輔助提取的機(jī)制;最后,利用聲場(chǎng)的仿真模擬結(jié)果,在現(xiàn)有設(shè)備基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)輔助提取設(shè)備進(jìn)行了簡單的設(shè)計(jì)和討論。本文得到的結(jié)論如下:⑴基于理想狀態(tài)下的質(zhì)量守恒定律、動(dòng)量守恒定律和能量守恒定律,建立了粘性運(yùn)動(dòng)流體中的聲波波動(dòng)方程、運(yùn)動(dòng)方程、能量方程和傳質(zhì)微分方程,對(duì)逆流超聲波輔助提取設(shè)備中的聲場(chǎng)、流體場(chǎng)、溫度場(chǎng)和傳質(zhì)場(chǎng)仿真模擬提供一定的理論基礎(chǔ)。⑵逆流超聲波在堿液中傳播有益于有效成分的提取�；诔暡ǖ膫鞑�(duì)流體介質(zhì)速度和溫度的影響,利用COMSOL Multiphysics仿真模擬軟件中的聲場(chǎng)、流體場(chǎng)和溫度場(chǎng)模塊,建立輔助提取設(shè)備中的聲場(chǎng)、流體場(chǎng)和溫度場(chǎng)仿真模型,為超聲波有效應(yīng)用于輔助提取提供一定的理論指導(dǎo)。仿真模擬結(jié)果表明,聲壓振幅隨超聲波功率和頻率的增加而增加,隨傳播距離的增加趨于平衡,空化效應(yīng)更容易發(fā)生;超聲波在流體介質(zhì)中傳播使得流體的速度增加,壓強(qiáng)增大,渦量也顯著增加,有利于混合效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生;在脈沖工作模式下,超聲波在0.08 mol/L的NaOH溶液中傳播4 min,最高溫度升高3.91°C。⑶超聲波輔助提取米渣蛋白的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,在米渣蛋白的提取過程中,施加超聲波能夠顯著提高蛋白質(zhì)提取率,最大可增加2.4倍。這種超聲波顯著改善提取過程的結(jié)果與超聲波對(duì)物理場(chǎng)仿真模型所推測(cè)的結(jié)果相一致。且米渣蛋白提取率隨堿液濃度、提取溫度的增加而增加;隨提取時(shí)間的延長先增加后趨于平衡;隨固液比、間歇比和超聲波功率的增加先增加后下降。氨基酸分析結(jié)果表明,超聲波輔助提取的米渣蛋白,疏水性氨基酸、限制性氨基酸(賴氨酸和蛋氨酸)的含量增加。掃描電鏡(SEM)、原子力顯微鏡(AFM)和傅立葉紅外光譜(FT-IR)結(jié)果表明,超聲波處理后,空化效應(yīng)破壞了原料米渣粉和米渣蛋白的微觀結(jié)構(gòu),具體表現(xiàn)為:米渣粉表面的多孔性增加、米渣蛋白的粒徑變小、聚集體數(shù)量降低。這些微觀結(jié)構(gòu)的變化也表明了超聲波在提取過程中有空化作用的發(fā)生,這與超聲波聲場(chǎng)有利于空化作用發(fā)生的仿真模擬結(jié)果是相符的。⑷超聲波輔助提取的動(dòng)力學(xué)研究結(jié)果表明,逆流超聲波輔助提取大大降低了提取時(shí)間、提高了米渣蛋白提取率。在前20 min處理時(shí)間內(nèi),在所有考察因素水平下,米渣蛋白的提取率均是隨處理時(shí)間顯著增加。基于決定系數(shù)R2和均方根誤差RMSE,非穩(wěn)態(tài)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型與試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)之間的擬合較好。仿真模擬結(jié)果表明,設(shè)備中高聲壓場(chǎng)的形成有利于空化效應(yīng)的發(fā)生、流體速度增加、固體顆粒充分懸浮,超聲波輔助提取設(shè)備中的聲場(chǎng)有利于米渣蛋白的提取。溫度隨時(shí)間的增加而增加,且溫度的波動(dòng)與脈沖工作模式密切相關(guān)。⑸基于COMSOL Mltiphysics仿真模擬軟件的計(jì)算,對(duì)超聲波輔助提取設(shè)備的尺寸、設(shè)備制作材料和超聲波探頭數(shù)量等因素對(duì)聲場(chǎng)的影響進(jìn)行了討論分析。結(jié)果表明,為保證容器中具有正負(fù)交錯(cuò)的高聲壓場(chǎng),超聲波探頭的尺寸與探頭下方的作用管道直徑不宜相差太大;選取阻抗較高的材料不銹鋼作為設(shè)備制作材質(zhì),以保證有較強(qiáng)的反射波,與行波疊加形成隨傳播距離增加不衰反增的高聲壓場(chǎng);兩個(gè)超聲波探頭不管是平行排列還是120°交叉排列,頻率和功率均顯著影響聲場(chǎng)中的聲壓分布,且與聲壓振幅呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系。這為以后超聲波大規(guī)模的應(yīng)用于工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)提供一定的理論指導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:The ultrasonic assisted extraction technique is a safe, non-toxic, environmental protection, and can greatly improve the extraction rate and reduce the energy consumption of the new green extraction. Ultrasonic extraction technology as a means of assisted extraction is widely used in the effective component, so as to improve the effective components of the mass transfer rate, accelerate the extraction process and improve the extraction the yield of the products. In the ultrasonic assisted extraction equipment, because of uneven pressure distribution in the medium, the ultrasonic mass was being applied to industrial production still exists problem. The amplification design of rice protein has the advantages of reasonable amino acid composition, only low allergen and high nutritional value, is recognized as the quality of grain protein; rice residue is a by-product of rice syrup production process, low price and rich in protein (generally above 40%), is ideal for protein extraction of rice protein Source. This paper using COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software, based on the current ultrasonic assisted extraction equipment in the field, fluid field, temperature field and mass transfer calculation, the establishment of sound field and flow velocity, temperature, mass transfer between coupled multiphysics simulation model, the effects of ultrasonic wave on the effect of extracting effective ingredients from second meters; slag as raw material, ultrasonic assisted extraction equipment with countercurrent extraction of rice residue protein, rice dreg protein extraction rate of the effects of ultrasonic wave on extraction, and simulation results verify the feasibility of predicting the extraction effect; third, the distribution of sound pressure in the fluid mixture based on the change of fluid velocity and solid particle volume fraction, to further explore the mechanism of ultrasonic assisted extraction; finally, the simulation results using field simulation, based on existing equipment, the extraction equipment of a simple. Plan and discussion. The conclusions of this paper are as follows: firstly, the mass conservation law under the ideal condition based on the law of conservation law of conservation of energy and momentum, a wave equation in fluid viscous motion motion equation, energy equation and mass transfer differential equation of ultrasonic wave assisted countercurrent extraction equipment in the field, fluid field, temperature to provide a theoretical basis and field simulation of mass transfer field simulation. The ultrasonic countercurrent extraction in alkaline solution is beneficial to the dissemination of effective components. The influence of ultrasonic propagation of fluid velocity and temperature based on the simulation software of the sound field by using COMSOL Multiphysics simulation, flow field and temperature field module, an auxiliary extraction equipment in the field. The fluid field and temperature field simulation model, provide some theoretical guidance for the effective application in ultrasonic assisted extraction. The simulation results show that the sound pressure amplitude with ultrasonic wave Increase the power and frequency increases with the increase of propagation distance tends to balance, cavitation occurs more easily; the ultrasonic propagation velocity of the fluid increases in the fluid medium, the pressure increases, the vorticity increases obviously, is conducive to the mixed effect; the pulse working mode, 4 min ultrasonic propagation in 0.08 NaOH solution in mol/L, the highest temperature of 3.91 DEG C. by ultrasonic assisted extraction of rice residue protein test results show that the extraction process of rice residue protein, ultrasonic wave can significantly improve the extraction rate of protein, the maximum increase of 2.4 times. This is consistent with the process of ultrasonic ultrasonic significantly improved results that extraction of physical field simulation the results of the model. And the extraction rate of rice residue protein with the alkali concentration, extraction temperature increases; with prolonging extraction time increases firstly and then tends to balance; with the solid-liquid ratio, the ratio of intermittent and The increase in ultrasonic power increased first and then decreased. The amino acid analysis results show that the ultrasonic assisted extraction of rice residue protein, hydrophobic amino acids, limiting amino acids (lysine and methionine) content increased. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fu Li leaves red spectra (FT-IR) results show that after ultrasonic treatment, cavitation destroyed the microstructure of raw materials of rice residue powder and rice residue protein, specific performance: the porous powder on the surface of rice residue increased, rice residue protein has smaller particle size, the number of aggregates decreased. These changes of microstructure also shows that ultrasonic cavitation occurs in the extraction process this, and ultrasonic field simulation for cavitation occurred. The results are consistent with the results of kinetic study showed that ultrasonic assisted extraction, countercurrent ultrasonic assisted extraction can greatly reduce the extraction time and improve the Rice residue protein extraction rate. In min before 20 time, all the factors in the level, the extraction rate of rice protein was significantly increased with treatment time. The coefficient of determination R2 and root mean square error of RMSE based on the fit between the non steady state dynamic model with the experimental data well. The simulation results show that the equipment high pressure is conducive to the formation of cavitation occurs, fluid velocity increases, the solid particles in suspension, ultrasonic assisted extraction equipment in the field is favorable to extraction of rice residue protein. The temperature increased with time, and the temperature and pulse wave mode are closely related. The calculation simulation software based on COMSOL Mltiphysics the ultrasonic assisted extraction, the size of the equipment, materials and equipment of ultrasonic probe number and other factors on the field are discussed. The results show that, in order to ensure the container out There are positive and negative pressure loudly staggered, effect of the tube size and the bottom of the probe ultrasonic probe diameter should not be too large difference; selection of high impedance material of stainless steel equipment as the production of the material, to ensure a strong reflection, the formation of enduring pressure increased loudly with the propagation distance increasing and traveling wave superposition; two ultrasonic probes whether parallel or 120 degrees cross arrangement, frequency and power significantly affects the pressure distribution in the field, and is associated with the sound pressure amplitude was positively relationship. For the future application of ultrasonic in large-scale industrial production to provide a theoretical guide.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TQ936

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