【摘要】：入海排污是沿海地區(qū)污水處理廠尾水處置的主要途徑,但不合理的排污口布設(shè)也會(huì)對(duì)海洋環(huán)境和敏感功能區(qū)造成不利影響。因此,如何科學(xué)合理地選取排污口位置是污水處理廠工程設(shè)計(jì)中的一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容。大連長(zhǎng)興島經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)計(jì)劃新建的西部污水處理廠設(shè)計(jì)處理能力為8萬(wàn)t/d,處理后的污水將執(zhí)行《城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》一級(jí)A標(biāo)準(zhǔn),初步設(shè)計(jì)方案在近岸四類(lèi)海洋功能區(qū)中擬選了離岸距離不同的三處排污口位置。本文選用近年來(lái)廣泛應(yīng)用于水動(dòng)力和水質(zhì)模擬的"環(huán)境流體動(dòng)力學(xué)模型(EFDC)"商業(yè)化軟件,分別預(yù)測(cè)各排污口尾水排放對(duì)受納海域和功能區(qū)的水質(zhì)影響,并綜合相關(guān)指標(biāo)構(gòu)建排污口選址適宜性評(píng)價(jià)體系,以達(dá)到對(duì)排污口位置方案優(yōu)選的目的。首先應(yīng)用EFDC模型對(duì)長(zhǎng)興島附近海域的水動(dòng)力條件進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,計(jì)算結(jié)果與監(jiān)測(cè)站點(diǎn)的潮流和潮位實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)吻合較好。然后針對(duì)三處入海排污口的設(shè)計(jì)位置,應(yīng)用EFDC模型模擬計(jì)算了兩個(gè)全潮周期的代表性污染物的最大濃度包絡(luò)范圍。得到在正常工況時(shí),三處排污口的各污染物超四類(lèi)水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值包絡(luò)面積分別為 COD:0.04、0、0.03km~2,無(wú)機(jī)氮(DIN):1.57、0.76、0.47km~2,活性磷酸鹽(AP):0.15、0.09、0.08km~2;在事故狀態(tài)下污水直接排放時(shí)各污染物濃度超標(biāo)的包絡(luò)面積分別為 COD:2.49、3.78、2.30km~2,DIN:9.73、7.32、9.50km~2,AP:12.2、5.91、7.09km~2,且漲潮時(shí)會(huì)造成部分一類(lèi)功能區(qū)內(nèi)不同污染物濃度的超標(biāo),因此應(yīng)避免在漲潮期直排。為綜合比較不同排污口位置的環(huán)境影響和經(jīng)濟(jì)成本,基于海域受污染程度和工程建設(shè)費(fèi)用相關(guān)指標(biāo),構(gòu)建了排污口選址適宜性的綜合評(píng)價(jià)體系。權(quán)重確定采用了比層次分析法更為簡(jiǎn)便實(shí)用的有序二元對(duì)比法,在對(duì)各指標(biāo)進(jìn)行重要性定性排序的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)依次兩兩對(duì)比,根據(jù)模糊比較結(jié)果獲得權(quán)重。對(duì)三處候選排放口的綜合分析結(jié)果表明,選擇離岸距離適中且距一類(lèi)功能區(qū)較遠(yuǎn)的一處作為排污口,在環(huán)境影響和成本費(fèi)用方面具有相對(duì)最佳的綜合適宜性。本文提出的研究方法和體系對(duì)于入海排污口的選址優(yōu)化問(wèn)題具有較好的推廣應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Sewerage into the sea is the main way to dispose the tail water of sewage treatment plants in coastal areas, but the unreasonable layout of sewage outlets will also have adverse effects on the marine environment and sensitive functional areas. Therefore, how to select the location of sewage outlet scientifically and reasonably is an important content in the design of sewage treatment plant. The designed treatment capacity of the western sewage treatment plant planned for construction in Dalian Changxing Island Economic Zone is 80,000 t / d. The treated sewage will comply with the "Municipal sewage treatment Plant Pollutant discharge Standard" Class A Standard. In the four coastal marine function zones, the preliminary design scheme selected three locations of sewage outlets with different distance from shore. In this paper, the commercial software "Environmental fluid Dynamics Model (EFDC)", which has been widely used in hydrodynamic and water quality simulation in recent years, is used to predict the effect of tail water discharge from each sewage outlet on the water quality of the receiving sea area and the functional area. The evaluation system of location suitability of sewage outlet is constructed by synthesizing relevant indexes to achieve the purpose of optimal selection of the location scheme of sewage outlet. Firstly, the EFDC model is used to simulate the hydrodynamic conditions in the sea area near Changxing Island. The calculated results are in good agreement with the measured data of tidal current and tidal level at the monitoring station. Then the EFDC model is used to simulate and calculate the maximum concentration envelope range of the representative pollutants in two full tidal periods according to the design location of the three sewerage outlets. At normal working conditions, The envelope area of the standard values of the four kinds of pollutants in the three sewerage outlets is COD:0.04,0,0.03km~2, inorganic nitrogen (DIN): 1. 57 7 0. 76% 0.47 km2, and the active phosphate (AP): 0. 15 0. 09 0. 08 km2. The envelope area of each pollutant concentration exceeding the standard when the sewage is discharged directly under the accident condition is COD:2.49,3.78,2.30km~2,DIN:9.73,7.32,9.50km~2,AP:12.2,5.91,7.09km~2, and rises respectively. The tide will cause the concentration of different pollutants in some functional areas to exceed the standard. Therefore, direct discharge should be avoided during the high tide period. In order to comprehensively compare the environmental impact and economic cost of different location of sewage outlet, a comprehensive evaluation system of site selection suitability of sewage outlet was established based on the indexes of pollution degree and construction cost. The weight is determined by using the ordered binary contrast method which is more convenient and practical than the analytic hierarchy process. On the basis of the qualitative ranking of the importance of each index, the weight is obtained according to the fuzzy comparison result by two and two comparisons in turn. The results of comprehensive analysis of three candidate discharge outlets show that the relatively optimal comprehensive suitability in terms of environmental impact and cost can be obtained by selecting a place with a moderate offshore distance and far from a class of functional areas as a sewage discharge outlet. The research method and system proposed in this paper have a good value in popularizing and applying to the location optimization of sewerage outlet.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X703

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