本文選題：填埋場(chǎng)滲濾液 + 抗性基因��； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近幾年來,隨著抗生素在畜牧業(yè)與醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域的廣泛使用,環(huán)境中逐漸增加的殘留抗生素加速了抗性基因(ARGs,antibiotic resistance genes)的傳播擴(kuò)散,從而導(dǎo)致抗性基因的泛濫已成為威脅公共安全和生態(tài)健康的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。作為當(dāng)前城市固體垃圾的主要集中處理場(chǎng)所,垃圾填埋場(chǎng)中含有大量的過期抗生素及抗性基因,并隨著固體廢棄物的處理進(jìn)入到垃圾滲濾液中。如果滲濾液不能得到有效處理,其中的ARGs會(huì)隨著滲濾液尾水的排出而進(jìn)入到環(huán)境中,從而造成潛在環(huán)境危害。因此,研究滲濾液中的ARGs處理就顯得很有必要。本研究采用上海市老港垃圾填埋場(chǎng)的陳垃圾作為填料構(gòu)建了實(shí)驗(yàn)室填埋場(chǎng)生物反應(yīng)器。設(shè)計(jì)了好氧條件下三種不同的水力負(fù)荷(25L/m3·d,50L/m3·d,100 L/m3·d)以及50L/m3·d水力負(fù)荷下的好氧和厭氧條件這兩種工況參數(shù),研究了反應(yīng)器不同運(yùn)行條件下ARGs去除率的變化。此外,本研究還通過對(duì)三種不同處理工藝下的滲濾液ARGs的去除研究,探討了不同工藝對(duì)于ARGs去除的影響。本文的主要結(jié)論如下:(一)研究了不同水力負(fù)荷和好氧狀態(tài)下填埋場(chǎng)生物反應(yīng)器對(duì)營養(yǎng)元素、重金屬和抗性基因的去除效果,并通過相關(guān)分析得出抗性基因去除率與環(huán)境因子的關(guān)聯(lián)性。(1)研究了穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行81天的好氧反應(yīng)器運(yùn)行狀態(tài)。對(duì)比水力負(fù)荷為25、50、100 L/m3·d下反應(yīng)器的總氮、氨氮和COD去除率,發(fā)現(xiàn)較低的運(yùn)行負(fù)荷可得到較高的氨氮和總氮去除率,而COD去除呈現(xiàn)出隨水力負(fù)荷增加先增大后減小的趨勢(shì)。50L/m3·d的水力負(fù)荷下,對(duì)比好氧和厭氧狀態(tài)對(duì)反應(yīng)器運(yùn)行的影響,結(jié)果表明好氧條件有利于氨氮和COD的去除,厭氧條件有利于總氮的去除。其原因是有機(jī)物好氧呼吸和硝化過程在好氧條件下進(jìn)行,而厭氧條件對(duì)反硝化脫氮有促進(jìn)作用。不同水力負(fù)荷對(duì)重金屬總量的去除對(duì)比,發(fā)現(xiàn)25 L/m3·d水力負(fù)荷下反應(yīng)器對(duì)于重金屬的去除率要高于50 L/m3·d和100 L/m3·d,說明低水力負(fù)荷更有利于重金屬的去除。比較好氧和厭氧條件下的系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行,發(fā)現(xiàn)好氧條件更有利于重金屬的去除。(2)不同水力負(fù)荷下反應(yīng)器中的抗性基因去除實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)比,發(fā)現(xiàn)25 L/m3·d的水力負(fù)荷下反應(yīng)器對(duì)于sull,strB,aadA1,intl1的去除率要高于50 L/m3·d和100 L/m3·d,說明低水力負(fù)荷更有利于ARGs的去除。對(duì)比不同好氧狀態(tài)下的反應(yīng)器運(yùn)行效果,發(fā)現(xiàn)好氧條件下sul1,sul2,strB,aadA1,intl1的去除率都明顯高于厭氧,說明好氧環(huán)境更有利于ARGs的去除。(3)相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果表明重金屬、水質(zhì)與ARGs的去除效果具有顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系。其中As,Pb,N03--N和ARGs對(duì)數(shù)去除率之間主要表現(xiàn)為顯著性正相關(guān),其余環(huán)境因子和ARGs之間主要表現(xiàn)為顯著性負(fù)相關(guān)。說明在本研究中,水質(zhì)和重金屬對(duì)于ARGs的去除有較大的影響。(二)比較了三個(gè)滲濾液處理廠不同處理工藝對(duì)抗性基因去除效果的影響,并分析了水質(zhì)參數(shù)、重金屬對(duì)抗性基因去除效果的影響。(1)MBR、三級(jí)A/O以及兩級(jí)A/O工藝對(duì)新鮮滲濾液中氮素和COD具有較高的去除率(90%)。兩級(jí)A/O工藝具有最高的總氮和COD去除效率,而MBR則在氨氮的去除具有明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)。比較三種工藝中重金屬的去除情況,發(fā)現(xiàn)三種工藝中的Cu,Ni去除率無顯著性差異。兩級(jí)A/O工藝使出水中Cd和Zn的濃度增加,但相比MBR和三級(jí)A/O對(duì)其他幾種重金屬具有更好的去除效果。說明兩級(jí)A/O工藝對(duì)于重金屬的去除率要優(yōu)于MBR工藝和三級(jí)A/O工藝。(2)三種工藝中ARGs研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),MBR工藝對(duì)于四環(huán)素類基因和大環(huán)內(nèi)酯類基因有較高的去除率(1.76～3.07個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí)),兩級(jí)A/O工藝對(duì)于磺胺類,氨基糖苷類,β-內(nèi)酰胺類和多重抗性基因以及整合子基因都有較好的去除效果。三級(jí)A/O工藝03出水中sul1,sul2,aadA1,mexF,intl1基因豐度都增加。說明兩級(jí)A/O工藝對(duì)于多數(shù)目標(biāo)基因都有很高的去除率,MBR工藝更適合四環(huán)素類和大環(huán)內(nèi)酯類基因的去除。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the widespread use of antibiotics in the field of animal husbandry and health care, the increasing residual antibiotics in the environment have accelerated the spread of the resistance gene (ARGs, antibiotic resistance genes), resulting in the proliferation of resistant genes that have become a potential risk to public safety and ecological health. A large number of overexpired antibiotics and resistance genes are contained in the landfill site, and the landfill leachate enters into the leachate with the treatment of solid waste. If the leachate can not be treated effectively, the ARGs will enter into the environment with the discharge of the tail water of the percolation fluid, resulting in the potential environmental danger. Therefore, it is necessary to study the ARGs treatment in leachate. In this study, a laboratory landfill bioreactor was constructed by using the old garbage in old port landfill in Shanghai as a filler. Three different hydraulic loads (25L/m3 D, 50L/m3. D, 100 L/m3 d) and 50L/m3. D hydraulic load under aerobic conditions were designed. The changes of the ARGs removal rate under different operating conditions of the reactor were studied and the changes in the ARGs removal rate under different operating conditions were studied. In addition, the effect of different processes on the removal of ARGs was also studied through the study of the removal of ARGs from the Leachate under three different processing techniques. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the study of different hydraulic loads and good results The removal efficiency of nutrient elements, heavy metals and resistance genes in the landfill bioreactor and correlation analysis were used to obtain the correlation between the resistance gene removal rate and the environmental factors. (1) the aerobic reactor operating state for 81 days stable operation was studied. The total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and CO of the reactor were compared with the hydraulic load of 25,50100 L/m3. D. The removal rate of D shows that higher ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen removal rate can be obtained with lower operating load, while COD removal shows the effect of aerobic and anaerobic condition on the operation of reactor under the hydraulic load of the trend.50L/m3. D which increases first and then decreases with the increase of hydraulic load. The results show that aerobic conditions are beneficial to the removal of ammonia nitrogen and COD, anaerobic strips. The reason for the removal of total nitrogen is due to aerobic respiration and nitrification of organic compounds under aerobic conditions, while anaerobic conditions can promote denitrification and denitrification. The removal of heavy metals under different hydraulic loads by different hydraulic loads has been found to be higher than 50 L/m3. D and 100 L/m3 under 25 L/m3. D hydraulic load. D, indicating that low hydraulic load is more conducive to the removal of heavy metals. Compared with aerobic and anaerobic conditions, it is found that aerobic conditions are more conducive to the removal of heavy metals. (2) the experimental comparison of resistance genes in the reactor under different hydraulic loads has found that the reactor of 25 L/m3 / D is responsible for sull, strB, aadA1, intl1. The removal rate is higher than 50 L/m3. D and 100 L/m3. D, indicating that low hydraulic load is more conducive to the removal of ARGs. Comparing the operating effects of different aerobic conditions, the removal rates of sul1, sul2, strB, aadA1 and intl1 are obviously higher than anaerobic conditions under aerobic conditions, indicating that the aerobic environment is more conducive to the removal of ARGs. (3) correlation analysis results show heavy weight. Metal, water quality has a significant correlation with the removal of ARGs, among which As, Pb, N03--N and ARGs are mainly positive correlation between the logarithmic removal rates, and the other environmental factors and ARGs are mainly negative correlation. It shows that in this study, water quality and heavy metals have a greater impact on the removal of ARGs. (two) comparison The effect of three leachate treatment plants on the effect of antagonistic gene removal, and the effects of water quality parameters and heavy metal antagonistic genes were analyzed. (1) MBR, three A/O and two A/O processes have high removal rate of nitrogen and COD in fresh leachate (90%). The two A/O process has the highest total nitrogen and COD removal Efficiency, while MBR has obvious advantages in the removal of ammonia nitrogen. Comparing the removal of heavy metals in the three processes, it is found that there is no significant difference in the removal rate of Cu and Ni in the three processes. The concentration of Cd and Zn in water increases with the two level A/O process, but it has a better removal effect compared to the other heavy metals by MBR and three A/O, indicating two A/O The removal rate of heavy metals in the process is superior to the MBR process and the three stage A/O process. (2) the ARGs study in three processes found that the MBR process has a high removal rate (1.76 to 3.07 orders of magnitude) for the tetracycline and macrolide genes, and the two A/O process for the sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, beta lactam and multiple resistance genes. The three level A/O process 03 increased the abundance of sul1, sul2, aadA1, mexF and intl1, indicating that the two level A/O process has a high removal rate for most of the target genes, and MBR technology is more suitable for the removal of tetracycline and macrolides.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X703

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