本文選題：蔬菜區(qū)土壤 + 重金屬污染��； 參考：《新疆大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤作為生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的基本組分,在社會環(huán)境中也占據(jù)著必不可少的地位,與人類的生產(chǎn)和生活息息相關(guān)。土壤系統(tǒng)也能夠為日常的農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)活動提供基本保障。對烏魯木齊市北郊的安寧渠區(qū)農(nóng)田土壤重金屬含量進(jìn)行分析,調(diào)查Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr、Ni、Pb、Hg、As 8種元素的含量,并對研究區(qū)土壤中的重金屬濃度的空間分布給予分析,并采用土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量二級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(pH7.5)以及新疆土壤元素背景值為評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對安寧渠區(qū)土壤重金屬的污染現(xiàn)狀給予評估,研究結(jié)果:(1)與國家土壤的環(huán)境質(zhì)量二級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值相比,研究區(qū)農(nóng)田土壤8種重金屬中,只有As和Cd含量大于該限值,且超標(biāo)率為6%和1%;與新疆土壤背景值相比,除As以外,其他七種元素的含量高于背景值1.5倍左右,8種重金屬元素都有超標(biāo)情況,超標(biāo)率范圍為60%-99%;累積趨勢較顯著,表明研究區(qū)內(nèi)存在外界來源輸入,且這8種重金屬在土壤中已存在一定的富積。(2)對安寧渠區(qū)8種金屬元素做主成分分析,8種重金屬元素的來源可分為三類,Zn、Cu、Ni為一類,三種元素的距離較近,元素之間的同源性較強;Hg、As為一類;Pb和Cd為一類,兩兩元素之間距離較近,同源性較強。對研究區(qū)內(nèi)四個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)做相關(guān)性分析,結(jié)論與上述相似。(3)研究區(qū)中As顯示出了比較明顯的空間范圍內(nèi)的自相關(guān)關(guān)系;Cu、Ni、Cr、Cd塊基比的值大于75%,在空間尺度范圍內(nèi)屬于弱相關(guān)關(guān)系,受人為影響較大。Zn、Pb和Hg元素在空間尺度范圍內(nèi)屬于中等相關(guān)關(guān)系,主要受人為因素和土壤自然因素影響。(4)研究區(qū)土壤中,Cu、Zn、Ni和Cr元素的分布狀態(tài)相似,含量高的點位均分布在工業(yè)商業(yè)混合區(qū)附近和村落集中區(qū)域,含量低的點位分布在遠(yuǎn)離村鎮(zhèn)的蔬菜集中種植區(qū)。Pb和Cd分布狀態(tài)相似,含量高的點位多分布在蔬菜集中種植的區(qū)域和工廠近旁。Hg和As在四十戶鄉(xiāng)和青格達(dá)湖鄉(xiāng)含量分布較大或由污水灌溉導(dǎo)致。(5)安寧渠區(qū)農(nóng)田土壤中8種重金屬的單項污染指數(shù)順序為HgCdZnNiCuCrPbAs,Hg的單項污染指數(shù)均值是4.68,已經(jīng)是重度污染;As還處于清潔水平;其余6種元素均處于輕度污染。(6)研究區(qū)土壤重金屬的綜合污染指數(shù)平均值為3.70,整體屬于重度污染。研究區(qū)四個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn),六十戶鄉(xiāng)處于輕微污染等級,青格達(dá)湖鄉(xiāng)、四十戶鄉(xiāng)和安寧渠鎮(zhèn)為重度污染等級;(7)安寧渠區(qū)農(nóng)田土壤中8種重金屬單項潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險指數(shù)均值由大到小排列為:HgCdAsNiCuPbCrZn,Cd處于中度生態(tài)危害,Hg處于很強生態(tài)危害,其余6種元素為輕微生態(tài)危害,Hg對研究區(qū)生態(tài)風(fēng)險貢獻(xiàn)率最高。研究區(qū)綜合生態(tài)風(fēng)險指數(shù)RI均值為301.66,研究區(qū)土壤整體屬于強生態(tài)危害。
[Abstract]:As a basic component of ecosystem, soil also occupies an indispensable position in social environment, which is closely related to human production and life. Soil system can also provide basic guarantee for daily agricultural industrial activities. The contents of heavy metals in farmland soil of Anning canal area in the northern suburb of Urumqi were analyzed, and the contents of 8 elements in the soil of Cuznznzhupeng, NibPbHgAs were investigated, and the spatial distribution of heavy metal concentrations in the soil of the study area was analyzed. The soil environmental quality secondary standard (pH 7.5) and the background value of soil elements in Xinjiang were used as the evaluation criteria to evaluate the status of heavy metal pollution in the Anning canal area. The results of the study were compared with the national soil environmental quality secondary standard value. Of the 8 heavy metals in farmland soil of the study area, only the contents of as and CD are higher than the limit, and the rate of exceeding the standard is 6% and 1% respectively, compared with the soil background value of Xinjiang, the contents of as and CD are higher than that of the limit, except for as. The content of the other seven elements was 1.5 times higher than the background value. All of the eight heavy metal elements were in excess of the standard, and the excess rate was in the range of 60-99.The cumulative trend was significant, indicating the existence of external source input in the study area. Analysis of the principal component of 8 kinds of metal elements in Anning canal area. The source of the eight heavy metals can be divided into three types of zinc-Cu-ni-Ni, and the distance of the three elements is relatively close, and there is a certain accumulation of the eight heavy metals in the soil. There is a strong homology between the elements. HgAs belong to a class of Pb and CD, and the distance between the two elements is close and the homology is strong. The correlation analysis of four villages and towns in the study area shows that as in the study area shows obvious autocorrelation relation in spatial range. The value of the ratio of block to base is larger than 75, and it belongs to weak correlation in spatial scale. The distribution of Cu, Zn, Zn, Ni and Cr in the soil of the study area was similar, which was mainly affected by human factors and natural factors of soil, and the distribution of Cu, Zn, Zn, Pb and Hg was similar in the range of spatial scale, and the distribution of Cu, Zn, Zn, Ni and Cr in the soil of the study area was similar. The high content points were distributed near the industrial and commercial mixed areas and the village concentration areas, and the low content points were distributed in the vegetable concentrated planting areas far from the villages and towns. The distribution of Pb and CD in the vegetable concentrated planting areas far away from the villages and towns was similar, and the distribution of CD and Pb was similar. The high content points are mostly distributed in the vegetable planting area and near the factory side. Hg and as in Xihu Township and Qinggeda Lake Township, or the single item of 8 heavy metals in farmland soil of Anning canal area caused by sewage irrigation. The average value of single pollution index in the order of HgCdZnNiCuCrPbAsHG is 4.68, which is serious pollution and as is still in clean level. The average comprehensive pollution index of soil heavy metals in the study area is 3.70, which belongs to severe pollution as a whole. In the study area, four villages and towns, sixty townships were in a mild pollution grade, and Qinggeda Lake Township, The average value of the individual potential ecological risk index of 8 heavy metals in farmland soil in Anning canal area ranged from large to small, and the average value was: 1. HgCdAsNiCuPbCrZnOCD was a moderate ecological hazard and Hg was a very strong ecological hazard. The other six elements were slight ecological hazard and Hg had the highest contribution rate to ecological risk in the study area. The average value of comprehensive ecological risk index (RI) was 301.66, and the whole soil in the study area was a strong ecological hazard.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X53

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