本文關(guān)鍵詞： 化學(xué)沉淀法 有機(jī)磷 除磷 紫外分光光度法　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：為防止冷卻循環(huán)水系統(tǒng)中管道結(jié)垢和腐蝕,常添加定量的阻垢緩蝕劑,其中最為常用的為有機(jī)磷系緩蝕阻垢劑。但是又帶來了新環(huán)境問題,使出水中的磷含量增加,超出國家一級排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。因此,應(yīng)采取措施將循環(huán)水中有機(jī)磷去除。而有機(jī)磷酸鹽現(xiàn)今采用的方法是將其先氧化降解為無機(jī)磷酸鹽,再加入相應(yīng)化學(xué)藥劑即可除磷。其中氧化降解方法有光催化氧化降解、臭氧氧化降解等,這些方法成本較高,適用范圍較窄,且步驟繁瑣,設(shè)備復(fù)雜。為彌補(bǔ)現(xiàn)今有機(jī)磷去除方法的不足,本試驗(yàn)選用化學(xué)沉淀法,即直接加入定量的鈣鹽、鐵鹽或鋁鹽將循環(huán)水中有機(jī)磷直接去除。通過對比分析不同藥劑除磷效果確定最佳藥劑,并深入探究了磷去除的影響因素和強(qiáng)化措施,并分析除磷機(jī)理。主要試驗(yàn)結(jié)論如下:1.研究了單一投加 FeSO_4、FeCl_3、Al_2(SO_4)_3、聚合 AlCl_3、Ca(OH)_2 五種除磷藥劑對含有有機(jī)磷HEDP廢水除磷效果,結(jié)果表明,Ca(OH)_2除磷效果最差,且出水中磷濃度為3.826mg/L,遠(yuǎn)高于一級排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)0.5mg/L,最先淘汰。前四種除磷藥劑處理效果理想,出水濃度分別為0.489、0.462、0.423、0.460 mg/L,均達(dá)到排放要求。2.改進(jìn)試驗(yàn)方法,采用鈣鹽與鐵鹽或鋁鹽聯(lián)合投加的方法除磷,出水濃度均達(dá)標(biāo),且數(shù)值相差較小,考慮到試驗(yàn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)性,選擇價(jià)格低廉的硫酸亞鐵作為最佳除磷藥劑。通過探究藥劑的用量、反應(yīng)時(shí)間等因素,從而獲得最佳反應(yīng)條件:當(dāng)氫氧化鈣投加量為0.052g,硫酸亞鐵濃度為2g/L,反應(yīng)時(shí)間為30min時(shí),有機(jī)磷HEDP去除效率可達(dá)到95.9%。3.在最佳反應(yīng)條件下處理含有ATMP、HEDP、PBTCA三種不同比例有機(jī)磷廢水,有機(jī)磷去除效率均大于94%,且出水濃度均低于0.5mg/L,可達(dá)標(biāo)排放,處理效果顯著,充分表明最佳反應(yīng)條件對于處理含有多種有機(jī)磷的廢水同樣適用。4.通過紅外圖譜分析沉淀物結(jié)構(gòu),探究除磷機(jī)理,對比分析所得結(jié)論為有機(jī)磷隨鐵的氫氧化物沉淀而從水中去除。5.研究了在最佳反應(yīng)條件下對實(shí)際廢水除磷的強(qiáng)化措施。通過探究投加雙氧水和曝氣兩種強(qiáng)化方式,從而確定最佳反應(yīng)條件:雙氧水濃度為36mg/L,曝氣時(shí)間為8min。兩種強(qiáng)化除磷方法均可降低出水磷濃度,且均小于0.5mg/L,達(dá)到一級排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。6.探究了水體中常見共存離子對有機(jī)磷去除效果的影響,試驗(yàn)結(jié)論:Mg~(2+)、NH~(4+)和SO_4~(2-)對有機(jī)磷去除具有抑制作用;Cu~(2+)對有機(jī)磷去除具有促進(jìn)作用;Zn~(2+)、Cl~-對有機(jī)磷的去除效果不產(chǎn)生影響。綜上所述,本試驗(yàn)選用氫氧化鈣和硫酸亞鐵結(jié)合投加使用的方法來處理有機(jī)磷廢水,無需前期氧化,對于自配廢水和實(shí)際廢水處理效果均較為顯著。該方法步驟簡化,藥品低廉,降低成本,不產(chǎn)生二次污染,為有機(jī)磷的去除提供了新方法,在工業(yè)循環(huán)水處理有機(jī)磷方面具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:In order to prevent fouling and corrosion of pipes in cooling circulating water system, quantitative scale and corrosion inhibitors are often added, among which organic phosphorus is the most commonly used corrosion inhibitor. However, it brings new environmental problems and increases phosphorus content in effluent. Exceeding national discharge standards... therefore, measures should be taken to remove organophosphorus from circulating water. Organic phosphates are now being oxidized to inorganic phosphates, The methods of oxidative degradation include photocatalytic degradation, ozonation degradation and so on. The cost of these methods is high, the scope of application is narrow, and the steps are tedious. The equipment is complex. In order to make up for the deficiency of the present organic phosphorus removal method, the chemical precipitation method is used in this experiment, that is, direct addition of quantitative calcium salt, Iron salt or aluminum salt directly removed organic phosphorus from circulating water. The optimum phosphorus removal effect was determined by comparing and analyzing the effect of different chemicals, and the influencing factors and strengthening measures of phosphorus removal were discussed in depth. The main experimental conclusions are as follows: 1.The effect of phosphorus removal by adding FeSO4 / FeCl3S / Al2SO4 / S / S / S / S / S / Al _ 2S / S _ 2S _ 4 / S _ 2S _ 4 / S _ 2S _ 4 / S _ 2S _ 4 / S _ 2, and the effect of polymerized AlCl _ 3 / CaOHH _ 2 on phosphorus removal of HEDP wastewater was studied. The results showed that CaOHH _ 2 had the worst effect on phosphorus removal from wastewater containing organophosphorus. And the phosphorus concentration in the effluent is 3.826 mg / L, which is much higher than the first class discharge standard of 0.5 mg / L, and is eliminated first. The first four phosphorus removal chemicals have the ideal treatment effect, the effluent concentration is 0.489 ~ 0.462n 0.423 ~ 0.423 ~ 0.460 mg / L, all meet the discharge requirement .2. improve the test method, Using calcium salt combined with iron salt or aluminum salt to remove phosphorus, the effluent concentration is up to standard, and the value difference is relatively small. Considering the economy of the test, the low price ferrous sulphate is selected as the best phosphorus removal agent. When the dosage of calcium hydroxide is 0.052 g, the concentration of ferrous sulfate is 2 g / L, the reaction time is 30 min. The removal efficiency of organophosphorus HEDP can reach 95.9mg / L. Under the optimum reaction conditions, the removal efficiency of organic phosphorus from three different proportions of organophosphorus wastewater is more than 94, and the effluent concentration is lower than 0.5 mg / L, which can reach the standard of discharge, and the treatment effect is remarkable. It is fully indicated that the optimum reaction conditions are also suitable for the treatment of wastewater containing multiple organophosphorus. The structure of precipitate is analyzed by infrared spectra, and the mechanism of phosphorus removal is explored. The conclusion is that organophosphorus is removed from water with the hydroxide precipitation of iron. The strengthening measures of phosphorus removal from waste water under the optimum reaction conditions are studied. Two strengthening ways of adding hydrogen peroxide and aeration are explored. The optimum reaction conditions were determined as follows: hydrogen peroxide concentration was 36 mg / L, aeration time was 8 min. All of them are less than 0.5 mg / L, reaching the first class discharge standard. 6. The effect of common co-existing ions on the removal efficiency of organophosphorus was investigated. It is concluded that: (1) (2) (2) (2)) and so _ (4) (2)) have inhibitory effect on the removal of organic phosphorus; (2) it can promote the removal of organophosphorus; (2) there is no effect on the removal of organophosphorus. In conclusion, there is no effect on the removal of organophosphorus, so _ (4) and so _ (4) have no effect on organic phosphorus removal. In this experiment, calcium hydroxide and ferrous sulfate were used to treat organophosphorus wastewater without prior oxidation. It can reduce the cost and avoid secondary pollution, which provides a new method for the removal of organic phosphorus, and has practical significance and application value in the treatment of organic phosphorus in industrial circulating water.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X703

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本文編號：1495007