本文關(guān)鍵詞：磷鎢酸銫—瓜環(huán)包合物催化廢棄食用油制備生物柴油　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 磷鎢酸銫 瓜環(huán) 廢棄食用油 生物柴油

【摘要】：隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展,人類對(duì)能源的依賴性越來越大。我國(guó)是一個(gè)能源消耗大國(guó),能源需求量的不斷增長(zhǎng)與日益減少的能源儲(chǔ)量之間的矛盾日益凸顯。并且,傳統(tǒng)的化石能源既不可再生又會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成污染。因此,尋找一種替代常規(guī)化石能源的清潔可再生能源顯得格外重要。生物柴油是一種新型可再生的清潔能源,它無毒,可再生和可生物降解,因而受到越來越多科學(xué)家的關(guān)注。本文在結(jié)合中國(guó)的基本國(guó)情之上,選用了廢棄食用油來作為制備生物柴油的原料,一是可有效降低生產(chǎn)成本;二是可有效處理廢棄食用油,能夠有效避免其經(jīng)過提煉再以食用油的身份流向餐桌危害消費(fèi)者健康。本論文在參考國(guó)內(nèi)外研究的基礎(chǔ)上,采用兩步法合成了磷鎢銫多金屬氧酸鹽Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40和七元瓜環(huán)(CB[7])包合物,并將其用于催化廢棄食用油轉(zhuǎn)化為生物柴油的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。通過相關(guān)的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究和數(shù)據(jù)分析,驗(yàn)證了本文的實(shí)驗(yàn)思路是可行的。本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:(1)制備了磷鎢酸銫-瓜環(huán)的包合物。磷鎢酸銫的制備采用兩步法:先使用磷酸氫二鈉和鎢酸鈉制得磷鎢酸,然后使用磷鎢酸和碳酸銫制得磷鎢酸銫。七元瓜環(huán)的制備也采用了兩步法:先用尿素和乙二醛制得甘脲,然后使用甘脲和多聚甲醛制得七元瓜環(huán)。最后按照磷鎢酸銫和七元瓜環(huán)物質(zhì)的量1:1的配比在超聲作用下得到了最后的包合物。并采用紅外和XRD(X射線衍射)對(duì)單體和包合物以及單體混合物進(jìn)行了表征,以證明包合的嘗試是可行的。(2)通過響應(yīng)面法優(yōu)化實(shí)驗(yàn)分析,求得在最佳反應(yīng)條件下,即催化劑用量為2.00wt%、醇油比為11:1、反應(yīng)時(shí)間為150min、反應(yīng)溫度為70℃時(shí),本實(shí)驗(yàn)的最大轉(zhuǎn)化率可以達(dá)到95.1%。通過建模,得到了各反應(yīng)條件和實(shí)驗(yàn)轉(zhuǎn)化率之間的編碼的二次線性回歸方程。通過P值、等高線圖和殘差圖的分析,驗(yàn)證了實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ偷目煽啃浴?3)對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行動(dòng)力學(xué)分析,在擬合直線的線性相關(guān)系數(shù)的平方值都是大于0.99的條件下,對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)中反應(yīng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了分析,得到了速率常數(shù)、活化能和指前因子。(4)通過對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)產(chǎn)品的成分分析,可以確定本實(shí)驗(yàn)產(chǎn)品是生物柴油無誤,且脂肪酸甲酯的比例達(dá)到了96.80%。通過對(duì)生物柴油產(chǎn)品的理化性質(zhì)分析,可以確定其多項(xiàng)理化性質(zhì)都滿足美國(guó)生物柴油標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ASTM D6751和國(guó)家生物柴油標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB/T25199-2010。瓜環(huán)的內(nèi)部空腔可以用于包合磷鎢酸銫,并且將此包合物應(yīng)用于催化廢棄食用油轉(zhuǎn)化為生物柴油具有很高的催化效率,在一個(gè)比較容易實(shí)現(xiàn)的實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下,取得了較好的實(shí)驗(yàn)轉(zhuǎn)化率。并且通過分析,得到的生物柴油產(chǎn)品的脂肪酸甲酯含量比例高,各理化性質(zhì)理論上可以滿足柴油機(jī)的燃燒需求。從而驗(yàn)證了本論文研究工作的意義,為妥善處理廢棄食用油提供了一種新的催化劑可供選擇。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology and social economy, people depend more and more on energy. The contradiction between the increasing energy demand and the decreasing energy reserves is increasingly prominent. Moreover, the traditional fossil energy is neither renewable nor pollution to the environment. It is particularly important to find a clean and renewable alternative to conventional fossil energy. Biodiesel is a new type of renewable clean energy, it is non-toxic, renewable and biodegradable. Therefore, more and more scientists pay attention to it. Based on the basic conditions of China, this paper selects waste cooking oil as the raw material for the preparation of biodiesel. First, it can effectively reduce the production cost; Second, it can effectively deal with the waste edible oil, and can effectively avoid the status of cooking oil after refining to the table to endanger consumer health. This paper on the basis of reference to domestic and foreign research. Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 and CB were synthesized by two-step method. [7) inclusion complex and its application in catalytic conversion of waste edible oil to biodiesel. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1). The inclusion compound of cesium phosphotungstate and melon ring was prepared. The preparation of cesium phosphotungstate was carried out in two steps: first, the phosphotungstic acid was prepared from disodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium tungstate. Caesium phosphotungstic acid and cesium carbonate were used to obtain cesium phosphotungstate. At last, the final inclusion compound was obtained by ultrasonic action according to the ratio of cesium phosphotungstate and 1: 1. The final inclusion compound was obtained by IR and XRD (1: 1). The monomer, inclusion compound and monomer mixture were characterized by X-ray diffraction. In order to prove the feasibility of inclusion. 2) by optimizing the experimental analysis by response surface method, the optimum reaction conditions are obtained, that is, the amount of catalyst is 2.00 wtand the ratio of alcohol to oil is 11: 1. When the reaction time is 150 min and the reaction temperature is 70 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1410534