本文選題：有機(jī)紫外線吸收劑 + 珠江水系��； 參考：《中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國(guó)科學(xué)院廣州地球化學(xué)研究所)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：紫外線過(guò)濾劑(UVFs)被廣泛添加到個(gè)人護(hù)膚品中以保護(hù)人類(lèi)皮膚頭發(fā)遭受紫外線傷害,紫外線穩(wěn)定劑(UVSs)的則被添加到各種工業(yè)產(chǎn)品中以延緩產(chǎn)品老化。經(jīng)過(guò)使用后的紫外線吸收劑(UVAs)通過(guò)淋洗、揮發(fā)等多種方式進(jìn)入環(huán)境中。目前,有機(jī)紫外線吸收劑已經(jīng)在大氣、水體、沉積物、生物等多種環(huán)境中檢出。然而,UVAs在生物組織中的分布以及影響UVAs在生物中富集的因素尚有待進(jìn)一步揭示,以便全面客觀地評(píng)估UVAs環(huán)境污染對(duì)生物和生態(tài)的危害。珠江流域日照時(shí)間長(zhǎng),紫外線輻射強(qiáng),人口密集,經(jīng)濟(jì)和工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá),是研究有機(jī)紫外線吸收劑在生物體內(nèi)富集規(guī)律的理想?yún)^(qū)域。本研究以7類(lèi)13種常見(jiàn)的有機(jī)紫外線吸收劑為目標(biāo)化合物包括:3-(4-甲基芐烯)-樟腦(4-MBC)、對(duì)二甲氨基苯甲酸異辛酯(ODPABA)、2-羥基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮(BP-3)、2-羥基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮(UV-531)、阿伏苯宗(AVO);對(duì)甲氧基肉桂酸辛酯(EHMC)、奧克立林(OCR)、2-(2-羥基-5-苯甲基)苯并三唑(UVP)、2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-4,6-二(1-甲基-1-苯基乙基)苯酚(UV-234)、2-(5-氯-2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(UV-326)、2,4-二-叔丁基-6-(5-氯-2H-苯并三唑-2-基)苯酚(UV-327)、2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-4,6-二叔戊基苯酚(UV-328)、2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯酚(UV-329),研究這些UVAs在珠江水系典型水生生物的分布,探討其在水生生物體內(nèi)的富集及放大以及影響因素。主要結(jié)果有:(1)13種UVAs在生物背肉中總濃度范圍為141.31-1650.79ng/g脂重(lw),主要為BP-3、UV-531、UV-P和UV-234,其中UV-531濃度最高,均值濃度達(dá)401.48ng/g lw。UVAs在硬骨魚(yú)綱中(305.99-793.62ng/g lw)濃度高于甲殼綱(154.81-277.35ng/g lw),在肉食性魚(yú)類(lèi)中濃度(均值600.39ng/g lw)高于雜食性(均值515.06ng/g lw)、草食性(均值363.33ng/g lw)和濾食性(均值340.81ng/g lw)生物。EHMC主要存在于肉食性魚(yú)類(lèi)背肉中,蝦體內(nèi)富集EHMC較為明顯。旱季(10月-次年3月)生物背肉組織富集的UVAs的含量高于雨季。棲息水層并沒(méi)有對(duì)UVAs的富集產(chǎn)生顯著的差異性,可能跟珠江水系水深不足以使其產(chǎn)生顯著差異性有關(guān)。(2)UVAs在生物不同組織最多表現(xiàn)為肝臟腩肉背肉,可能與UVAs的親脂性有關(guān)。福壽魚(yú)背肉組織中的UVAs呈現(xiàn)出隨體長(zhǎng)的增大ΣUVAs濃度先增加后減小的趨勢(shì),雄魚(yú)和雌魚(yú)背肉組織中的ΣUVAs并沒(méi)有呈現(xiàn)出顯著差異性。(3)生物卵中UVAs分布廣泛,脊尾白蝦體內(nèi)富集的EHMC卵中的含量明顯高于雄性肌肉和母體肌肉,表明UVAs在甲殼綱中可能有向子代轉(zhuǎn)移的趨勢(shì)。(4)UVAs的生物積累因子(BAF)的對(duì)數(shù)(LogBAF)值均大于3.3,表明UVAs具有一定的生物富集性,但是LogBAF和LogKow并沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)出顯著的相關(guān)性(p0.05),卻表現(xiàn)出一定的正相關(guān)(斜率=0.24,r=0.51)。深層水棲生物計(jì)算其生物-沉積物富集因子(BSAF)值,其范圍在0-17.9之間,UV-531的BSAF值最高且大于1,表現(xiàn)出相比于沉積物,其更易在生物體內(nèi)富集。(5)UVAs的營(yíng)養(yǎng)級(jí)放大因子(TMFs)為0.76-1.79。其中OCR、UV-531和UV-234的TMF值大于1,表示其可能隨著食物鏈的傳播發(fā)生生物放大作用。
[Abstract]:Ultraviolet filter agent (UVFs) is widely added to personal skin care products to protect human skin from UV damage. The ultraviolet stabilizer (UVSs) is added to various industrial products to delay the aging of products. After using the ultraviolet absorbent (UVAs), the UV Absorbents are washed and volatilized into the environment. Ultraviolet absorbents have been detected in a variety of environments, such as atmospheric, water, sediment, and biology. However, the distribution of UVAs in biological tissues and the factors affecting the enrichment of UVAs in organisms have yet to be further revealed in order to assess the biological and ecological hazards of UVAs environmental pollution in an all-round and objective way. The sunshine time of the Pearl River Basin is long, and the ultraviolet radiation is long. It is an ideal area for studying the enrichment of organic ultraviolet absorbents in organisms. This study uses 7 kinds of 13 kinds of common organic ultraviolet absorbents as target compounds: 3- (4- methyl benzenes) camphor (4-MBC), two methylamino benzoate (ODPABA), 2- hydroxyl -4- methoxy two benzene Ketone (BP-3), 2- hydroxy -4- n-octyl two benzophenone (UV-531), amvolene (AVO), methoxy cinnamate octyl (EHMC), Ake Lillian (OCR), 2- (2- hydroxy -5- benzomethyl) benzo three azole (UVP), 2- (tertiary butyl phenyl ethyl) phenol (UV-531), tertiary butyl benzene Phenol (UV-326), 2,4- two - tert Ding Ji -6- (5- chloride -2H- benzo and three azole -2- based) phenol (UV-327), 2- (2H- benzo three azole -2- based) -4,6- ditert phenol phenol (UV-328), investigated the distribution of the typical aquatic organisms in the Pearl River system, and explore its enrichment in aquatic organisms. The main results are as follows: (1) the total concentration range of 13 kinds of UVAs in biological back meat is 141.31-1650.79ng/g fat weight (LW), mainly BP-3, UV-531, UV-P and UV-234, and the concentration of UV-531 is the highest, and the mean concentration of 401.48ng/g lw.UVAs is higher than that of the Crustacea in the hard bone fish class (305.99-793.62ng/g LW). The concentration (mean 600.39ng/g LW) in the carnivorous fishes was higher than the omnivorous (mean 515.06ng/g LW), the herbivorous (mean 363.33ng/g LW) and filter feeding (mean 340.81ng/g LW) biological.EHMC mainly existed in the meat fish back meat, and the enrichment of EHMC was more obvious in the shrimp. The UVAs content of the biological back meat was high in the dry season (October - March). In the rainy season, the inhabiting water layer did not produce significant difference in the enrichment of UVAs, which may not be enough to make a significant difference with the water depth of the Pearl River system. (2) UVAs in the different tissues of the organism is the most manifested as the meat of the liver of the liver, which may be related to the lipophilicity of the UVAs. The UVAs in the fishes' back meat tissue presents an increasing Sigma UVA with the length of the body. The s concentration increased first and then decreased, and the sigma UVAs in the male and female dorsal meat tissues did not show significant difference. (3) the distribution of UVAs in the biological eggs was wide, and the content of the enriched EHMC eggs in the body of the tail white shrimp was obviously higher than that of the male muscles and the mother muscles. It showed that the UVAs may have the tendency to transfer to the progeny in the crustaceans. (4) the birth of UVAs. The logarithmic (LogBAF) value of the substance accumulation factor (BAF) was greater than 3.3, indicating that UVAs had a certain bioaccumulation, but LogBAF and LogKow did not show significant correlation (P0.05), but showed a certain positive correlation (slope =0.24, r=0.51). Deep aquatic organisms calculated their biological sediment enrichment factor (BSAF) value, and their range was between 0-17.9. The BSAF value of UV-531 is the highest and greater than 1, showing that it is more likely to be enriched in the organism than in the sediments. (5) the nutrient grade amplification factor (TMFs) of UVAs is 0.76-1.79. and OCR, UV-531 and UV-234 is more than 1, indicating that it may be amplified by the spread of the food chain.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國(guó)科學(xué)院廣州地球化學(xué)研究所)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X52;X171.5

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