【摘要】：宋代以降,隨著農業(yè)發(fā)展對肥料需求的增加,肥料搜集成為農家至關重要的一項農事安排,這一時段獲取肥料的方式呈現(xiàn)出與以往不同之面貌,具體表現(xiàn)為肥料搜集的勞動強度增加,家庭內的所有成員都被合理地納入肥料收集活動中,肥料的獲取從生產領域擴展至日常生活的方方面面,且收集肥料的活動沖破農業(yè)社會內部的藩籬,開始延伸至市鎮(zhèn)與城市。但這些變化并不是源于農民以提高生產率為目的的對勞動力資源的合理配置,真實原因是地力衰退和勞動力過剩所導致的一種拾糞"內卷化",是農民在生存?zhèn)惱硐碌臒o奈選擇。
[Abstract]:In the Song Dynasty, with the increasing demand for fertilizer in the development of agriculture, fertilizer collection became a crucial farming arrangement for farmers, and the way of obtaining fertilizer at this time took on a different look than before. This is manifested in the increased labour intensity of fertilizer collection, the rational integration of all members of the household into fertilizer collection activities, and the expansion of fertilizer access from the productive sphere to all aspects of daily life, And the activity of collecting fertilizer broke through the barriers within the agricultural society and began to extend to towns and cities. However, these changes are not due to the rational allocation of labor resources for the purpose of increasing the productivity of farmers. The real reason is that the decline of land force and the surplus of labor force lead to a kind of fecal "entrainment", which is the helpless choice of peasants under the survival ethics.
【作者單位】： 中國科學院自然科學史研究所;
【基金】：中國科學院科技史青年人才研教項目(批準號:Y522021001)的資助
【分類號】：S14-09;K207

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