本文選題：萬歷年間 + 礦監(jiān)稅使��； 參考：《江西師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：明朝中后期,社會多元化,商品經(jīng)濟高速發(fā)展,萬歷皇帝出于少年時期對張居正在生活用度上極度節(jié)儉的報復(fù),大肆聚財揮霍,也為了滿足自己對金銀財富的占有欲,從萬歷二十四年開始,派遣了大批親信宦官到全國各地充當(dāng)?shù)V監(jiān)稅使,到各省各府各縣開礦征稅,搜刮民財,遣往江西的便是潘相和李道。這兩位礦監(jiān)稅使在江西活動的范圍非常廣,活動區(qū)域涉及南昌府、九江府、廣信府、饒州府、撫州府、贛州府,新建縣、進賢縣、星子縣、上饒縣、湖口縣、浮梁縣,寧國縣等府縣,這些府縣都是當(dāng)時江西比較為發(fā)達的區(qū)域,江西省在明朝中后期農(nóng)業(yè)、手工業(yè)和商業(yè)發(fā)展較快,是較為發(fā)達省份,以往學(xué)者研究礦監(jiān)稅使多集中于宏觀層面上,或是集中在今天比較發(fā)達的省市區(qū)上,對江西的關(guān)注較少。關(guān)于這場在特定的歷史時代持續(xù)了20多年、影響到明代社會的各個方面,又多受到研究者重視的運動事件,雖然幾乎所有的有關(guān)明代史著作都有所涉及,但是大多數(shù)研究是討論礦監(jiān)稅使的起因及對當(dāng)時的經(jīng)濟與社會階層造成重大影響,但同時需要指出的是,十六世紀(jì)末到十七世紀(jì)初的這段時間,也是歐洲殖民者大規(guī)模開發(fā)美洲白銀大量流入明朝境內(nèi)的時期,這些流通的白銀與礦監(jiān)稅使搜刮的白銀是有交集的。礦監(jiān)稅使引發(fā)了全國各地民眾的反抗,在江西的兩位礦監(jiān)稅使引發(fā)了廣信府民變、景德鎮(zhèn)民變和湖口民變。毋庸置疑這些民變是由于官逼民反造成的,官方為平息這場民變調(diào)整了相關(guān)政策,相應(yīng)的就擴大了地方的自主權(quán)。筆者通過查找可信度較高的官方史書、地方志、墓志銘以及文人筆記,發(fā)現(xiàn)萬歷派遣的所有礦監(jiān)稅使也不全都是品行惡劣,“播虐逞兇者”,潘相和李道在當(dāng)?shù)匾沧隽艘恍⿲嵤?對當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟和社會也有些作為,所以對其研究仍然須具有更加廣闊的視野,發(fā)掘各個方面的資料,充分把握明朝萬歷年間的種種社會面相,站在明代社會的發(fā)展進程、以全球史的視野,進行更為全面和詳實的討論。本文主要是以礦監(jiān)稅使在江西活動的角度為切入點,進行多角度的考察,希望窺一斑而知全豹,將這一問題的研究推向深入。
[Abstract]:In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, when the society was diversified and the commodity economy developed at a high speed, Emperor Wanli, out of revenge for Zhang Juzheng's extreme frugality in living expenses in his youth, wantonly amassed his wealth and squandered it in order to satisfy his desire for the possession of gold and silver wealth. Since the twenty-four years of Wanli, a large number of trusted eunuchs have been sent to all parts of the country to act as tax watchmen for mining, to tax mines in various provinces and counties, to scour the people's wealth, and to send Pan Xiang and Li Dao to Jiangxi. The scope of activities of these two mine supervisors in Jiangxi is very wide. The areas of activity involve Nanchang, Jiujiang, Guangxin, Raozhou, Fuzhou, Ganzhou, Xinjian, Jinxian, Xingzi, Shangrao, Hukou, Fuliang, Ningguo County and other prefectures, these prefectures and counties were relatively developed regions in Jiangxi at that time. Jiangxi Province developed more rapidly in agriculture, handicraft and commerce in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. In the past, scholars studied the mineral supervision tax to concentrate on the macro level. Or focus on the more developed provinces and municipalities today, less attention to Jiangxi. This event, which lasted for more than 20 years in a specific historical era, affected all aspects of the Ming Dynasty society and received much attention from researchers, although almost all the works on the history of the Ming Dynasty were related to it. But most of the research is about the causes of the tax on mining and its impact on the economic and social strata of the time, but it should be pointed out that the period between the end of the sixteenth century and the beginning of the seventeenth century is a period between the end of the sixteenth century and the beginning of the seventeenth century. It was also the period when the European colonists developed the American silver in large quantities and flowed into the Ming Dynasty, and the silver in circulation intersected with the mining supervision tax. The mine tax triggered a revolt across the country, and two miners in Jiangxi led to the Guangxin, Jingdezhen and Hukou revolts. There is no doubt that these uprisings are the result of official coercion, and the authorities have adjusted their policies to quell the uprising, thereby expanding local autonomy. By searching for official history books, local chronicles, epitaph and literati notes with high credibility, the author found that all the mine supervision taxes sent by Wanli were not all of them of bad conduct, "spreading the abominations." Pan Xiang and Li Dao have also done some practical work in the area, and have also done something for the local economy and society. Therefore, the study of Pan Xiang and Li Dao must still have a broader vision, excavate all aspects of the data, and fully grasp the various social aspects of the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. Standing in the process of the development of the Ming Dynasty, a more comprehensive and detailed discussion was carried out from the perspective of global history. This article mainly takes the mining supervision tax to make the activity angle in Jiangxi as the breakthrough point, carries on the multi-angle inspection, hopes to peek at the spot and know all the leopard, will push the research of this question to the depth.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：K248

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