發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-24 12:51

  本文選題：司馬光　切入點(diǎn)：歷史總結(jié)　出處：《武陵學(xué)刊》2016年03期

【摘要】：北宋司馬光的編年體通史《資治通鑒》,乃西漢司馬遷的紀(jì)傳體通史《史記》之后,中國(guó)古代史學(xué)發(fā)展的又一座豐碑。司馬光總結(jié)盛衰以"資治"為目的,"通"為其取鑒資治的特點(diǎn),這一特點(diǎn)體現(xiàn)在取鑒范圍的"貫通"、取鑒思維的"通變"、取鑒價(jià)值的"求通"三個(gè)方面。司馬光總結(jié)盛衰的重點(diǎn),在形形色色的"亂世",總結(jié)"亂世"以避免其重演,更能達(dá)到"資治"的目的,故對(duì)"亂世"形成的原因、對(duì)衰敗喪亡的教訓(xùn)、對(duì)君主行為的過失,著力考察與反思甚多。司馬光視治亂興亡為君主行為所致,歷史總結(jié)中貫穿探討"君道"這一核心,強(qiáng)調(diào)君主對(duì)國(guó)家的責(zé)任,因?yàn)榫髦?德"影響天下,君主之"才"關(guān)乎興亡,君主"用人"決定成敗。君主應(yīng)善于發(fā)現(xiàn)人才,用人須明察忠奸,做到信賞必罰,不徇私情而至公至明。綜觀司馬光的史學(xué)遺產(chǎn),社會(huì)價(jià)值與學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值融為一體,無論對(duì)史學(xué)研究,還是對(duì)治國(guó)興邦,不僅有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義,而且有歷史意義。
[Abstract]:Si Maguang's Chronicle of the Northern Song Dynasty "A General History of the Chronicle of the Book of Ages" is after the general history of the chronicle of the Western Han Dynasty, which was written by Si Maqian. Another monument to the development of ancient Chinese historiography. Si Maguang summed up the characteristics of prosperity and decline in order to "govern by capital" and "Tong" as its source. This characteristic is embodied in the following three aspects: "pass through" in the scope of learning, "change" in thinking, and "seek communication" in the value of learning. Si Maguang sums up the key points of prosperity and decline, sums up "turbulent times" in all kinds of "troubled times" in order to avoid a repeat of them. Therefore, there are many reasons for the formation of "troubled times", the lessons of decline and death, and the mistakes of monarchs. Si Maguang regards the rise and fall of chaos as the result of monarchical behavior. In the summary of history, the core of "monarch's way" is discussed, emphasizing the monarch's responsibility to the country, because the monarch's "virtue" affects the whole world, the monarch's "ability" is related to the rise and fall, and the monarch's "employing" determines the success or failure. The monarch should be good at discovering talents. It is necessary for people to make clear that they are loyal and traitorous, that they must be punished for their trust and reward, and that they will not practice favouritism. If you look at Si Maguang's historical heritage, social value and academic value should be integrated into one, which is not only of practical significance to the study of history, but also to governing the country and prospering the country. And it has historical significance.
【作者單位】： 嶺南師范學(xué)院歷史系;
【分類號(hào)】：K204.3

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