本文關鍵詞：戰(zhàn)國前期的韓國研究　出處：《河南大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 韓昭侯 申不害改革 權術 專制體制 較弱地位

【摘要】：韓氏無論是在為晉卿時期還是立國之后,力量都較為單薄。韓氏家族是晉國公室桓叔之后,被稱為“桓族”。春秋初年,在晉獻公“滅公族”、“盡滅群公子”的背景下,做為“桓族”的韓氏在被打擊之列,幾乎遭遇滅頂之災。晉靈公時期,在趙盾的舉薦下,曾“畜于趙氏”的韓厥出任司馬一職,由此韓氏逐步發(fā)展,成為晉國的望族。韓氏之所以能夠在晉國諸大族中勝出,成為三家分晉之一的強宗大族,首先是韓厥、韓起在晉國的軍功及他們對韓氏家族的經(jīng)營,其次是與趙、魏大族的同盟關系。晉國尚軍功的政策,以及晉、楚爭霸的大背景都為韓氏的發(fā)展提供了良好的機會。分晉之初,三家依然保持著同盟關系,稱為三晉。在魏文侯的主導下,三晉聯(lián)合伐齊攻楚,所向無敵,終于在公元前403年,迫使周天子為三家“正名”,立為諸侯。立國后,韓國最迫切的要求就是打開通向中原的道路,向中原地區(qū)發(fā)展。早在三家分知氏時,韓氏就有了“吞鄭”的計劃,并為滅掉鄭國做了充分的準備工作。隨后,韓國在進攻中原的過程中,不斷地攻占蠶食鄭國的轄地,韓國的都城由平陽遷到了原屬于鄭國的宜陽,之后又將陽翟作為攻鄭的前沿軍事基地,形同陪都。在公元前375年,韓國終于滅掉鄭國,并把韓國的國都遷到新鄭。然而,韓國內(nèi)部的局面并不容樂觀,由于公族勢力強大,韓國的幾次遷都又形成了不同的勢力集團,如公室與大族之間、各個大族之間的矛盾日益加深,最終釀成了韓相俠累遇刺和韓哀侯被弒事件。韓懿侯繼位后,并未對其父韓哀侯被弒的事件進行追責,究其原因當有以下四點:第一,韓懿侯與韓嚴是同一利益集團。第二,韓懿侯勢單力薄,他繼承君位是各利益集團相互妥協(xié)的結(jié)果。第三,韓國剛遷都鄭不久,需要公族勢力的支持,來對抗鄭國舊族的反抗。第四,三晉聯(lián)盟破裂,外患滋生。但可以肯定的是,韓懿侯時期,君權得到了強化。這也是韓懿侯之后,韓昭侯能夠任用申不害為相,進行順利改革的原因。改革前,韓國處于內(nèi)憂外患之中。在對外關系方面,三晉聯(lián)盟破裂,韓國承受著來自魏國的強大軍事威脅。韓國內(nèi)部的主要問題則是,公族權力強大,政治日益腐化,滅鄭后鄭人仍然有很強的反抗情緒。韓昭侯八年(公元前355年),韓國任用申不害為相,進行改革。改革的主要內(nèi)容是加強君權、任賢使能等。申不害改革,使韓國中央集權的專制體制基本形成。首先表現(xiàn)在君權的強化,廢除世卿世祿制度,將世襲大族改變?yōu)閲梢匀蚊庹{(diào)遣的官吏,任命官員的權力收歸到國君手中,加強了國君對官員的控制力。另外,韓國對官員實行文武分職,對封君權力進行限制,國君掌握軍隊調(diào)動的權力,在地方上實行郡縣二級的行政管理制等,這些都是君權走向?qū)Ｖ频谋憩F(xiàn)。改革之后,韓國在外交上倒向魏國,兩國之間有了短暫的和平。但是改革也帶來了嚴重的弊端,韓昭侯過度用“術”,大大限制了官員的主動性,嚴重影響了行政機關的運轉(zhuǎn)效率。另外,一邊倒的投向強大的魏國,使韓國在外交上變?yōu)楸粍�。韓昭侯統(tǒng)治時期,韓國國勢開始衰退。首先,韓國對內(nèi)管理措施的失誤,以及外交政策的欠妥,是影響韓國政治發(fā)展的重要原因。另外,韓國西臨王室、東鄰強魏的地緣位置,也使韓國很難向外發(fā)展。韓國在戰(zhàn)國七雄之中,是始終屬于較弱地位的諸侯國。
[Abstract]:Whether in or after the Han state for Drummond period, power is weak. The Han family is ancient Jin Huan Shu, known as the "one family". In the early years of spring and Autumn period, Duke Xian "gongzu", "extinct group childe" background, as a "Huan family" Han being hit list, almost suffered. The king crowning calamity period in Zhao Dun's recommendation, "Zhao in animal" Han Jue served as the Sima post, which gradually become the development of Han, Jin. Han's family has been able to win in the Jin clan, became one of the three sub Jin strong family, the first is Han Jue, Han Jin in the military and their management of the Han family, followed by Zhao, Wei Han's alliance. Jin is military policy, as well as Jin, Chu's background provides a good opportunity for the development of Han Jin. At the beginning of three. Still Keep the alliance, called Shanxi. Under the leadership of Wei Wenhou, Shanxi combined with Qi Chu, invincible, and finally in 403 BC, the Zhou emperor forced three "name", as a vassal country. After South Korea, the most urgent requirement is to open the Central Plains Road, to the development of the central Plains early in the three sub regions. That's when Han had "swallow Zheng", and made full preparations for the destruction of Zheng Guo. Subsequently, South Korea in the process of attacking the Central Plains in the constantly eroded Zheng Guo captured the jurisdiction, South Korea's capital moved from Pingyang to the original belongs to Zheng Guo. Yiyang, after Yang Zhai as a frontier military base attack, Zheng was the capital. In 375 BC, South Korea finally destroyed Zheng Guo, and South Korea's move to Xinzheng. However, the South situation is not optimistic, because of the powerful gongzu, South Korea's capital and the formation of several times The different power group, such as between the public rooms and families, each family contradiction between the increasingly deepened, eventually led to the assassination of Han Xiangxia murdered and tired Yanzhong events. Han Yihou succeeded, his father was murdered not to Yanzhong events accountable, the reason as the following four points: first, Han Yihou and Han strict is the same interest group. In second, Han Yihou is weak, He Jun each interest group the result of a compromise inheritance. Third, Hanguo Gang Zheng gongzu capital soon, need the support forces to fight against the old Zheng Guo family revolt. Fourth, third Jin Alliance, all breed. But it is certain that the Han Yihou period, monarchical power has been strengthened. This is also Han Yihou, Han Zhaohou to appointment shenbuhai phase, reasons for the smooth reform. Before the reform, South Korea. In the domestic trouble and foreign invasion in foreign relations, the alliance, South Korea Under a strong military threat from the state of Wei. The main problems within South Korea is gongzu powerful political, increasingly corrupt, Zheng Zheng after death still have strong emotional resistance. Han Zhaohou eight years (355 BC), South Korea and shenbuhai phase, reform the main content of the reform. Is to strengthen the monarchical power. Shenbuhai reform appoint people on their merit, so that South Korea centralized autocratic system basic formation. The first performance in the strengthening of monarchical power, abolishing the hereditary system, the hereditary family changed to monarch fielding appointing officials, appointed officials the power reverted to the monarch's hands, to strengthen the control of the monarch force officials. In addition, South Korea to implement the separation between civilian and military posts of officials, restrictions on the emperor power, king master to mobilize the army power, two counties implemented administrative management system in place, these are the autocratic performance reform. After South Korea, backward in diplomacy between the two countries Wei, a brief peace. But the reform has also brought serious drawbacks, Han Zhaohou excessive use of "technique", greatly limits the initiative of officials, seriously affected the administrative efficiency. In addition, one-sided to powerful Wei, so that South Korea in diplomacy becomes passive. During the reign of the Han Zhaohou, South Korea began to decline. First, South Korea on management measures of errors, and foreign policy defect, is an important factor affecting the Korean political development. In addition, South West of the royal family, the East Wei strong geopolitical position, the South Korea South Korea is difficult to develop outwards. In the Warring States, is always belongs to the weak position of the vassal state.

【學位授予單位】：河南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K231

【相似文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 武思夢;戰(zhàn)國前期的韓國研究[D];河南大學;2016年

，

本文編號：1404917