唐宋時期四川盆地與江南市鎮(zhèn)的比較研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-15 19:23
【摘要】：“市鎮(zhèn)”是縣與鄉(xiāng)之間的獨立商業(yè)聚集點,它在商品經(jīng)濟中扮演著十分重要的角色,并能反映出一個地區(qū)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平。四川盆地與江南地區(qū)是兩個各具特色的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展區(qū)域,在唐宋時期,兩地市鎮(zhèn)興起,市鎮(zhèn)經(jīng)濟迅速發(fā)展,成為國家穩(wěn)固發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟支柱。將兩地市鎮(zhèn)進行比較研究,不僅有助于我們加深對唐宋時期四川盆地和江南市鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展狀況的共性和差異性的認識,并可為今天的鄉(xiāng)村城鎮(zhèn)化及新農(nóng)村建設(shè)提供有益的歷史借鑒。 市鎮(zhèn)數(shù)量眾多是唐宋時期經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的重要標志之一。對兩地市鎮(zhèn)數(shù)量差異的探討主要依據(jù)兩《唐書·地理志》、《元和郡縣圖志》、《太平寰宇記》、《元豐九域志》、《宋史·地理志》、《輿地記勝》、《讀史方輿紀要》、《宋會要輯稿》等史籍所載的相關(guān)資料,并大量引用方志、筆記小說、詩歌、碑刻、墓志銘以及考古資料等進行列表基礎(chǔ)上得出結(jié)論。兩地市鎮(zhèn)數(shù)量的共同點是：數(shù)量眾多。主要差異是：江南市鎮(zhèn)數(shù)量總數(shù)多于四川盆地；江南地區(qū)擁有市鎮(zhèn)的府、州數(shù)總體多于四川盆地；從兩地所轄州、府擁有的市鎮(zhèn)數(shù)量看,仍是江南地區(qū)多于四川盆地。出現(xiàn)上述差異的原因主要是兩地經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平不同和自然地理環(huán)境的差異。 市鎮(zhèn)數(shù)量增幅、市鎮(zhèn)分布、市鎮(zhèn)功能和市鎮(zhèn)社會狀況是一個區(qū)域內(nèi)市鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展差異的重要體現(xiàn)。對唐宋時期兩地市鎮(zhèn)數(shù)量進行梳理可知,市鎮(zhèn)數(shù)量增幅有兩個特點,即從唐代到宋代兩地市鎮(zhèn)數(shù)量均大幅度增加,但四川盆地市鎮(zhèn)數(shù)量增長率大于江南地區(qū)。又因兩地迥然不同的區(qū)位因素,使市鎮(zhèn)分布呈現(xiàn)如下差異：江南市鎮(zhèn)布局呈網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu),且市鎮(zhèn)密度及每州擁有的市鎮(zhèn)數(shù)量多于四川盆地；而四川盆地市鎮(zhèn)呈線狀布局,且市鎮(zhèn)密度及每州擁有市鎮(zhèn)數(shù)量較江南少。兩地又因交通便捷度、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展差異及市鎮(zhèn)分布的不同,使市鎮(zhèn)在功能上各具特色：江南市鎮(zhèn)生產(chǎn)功能較強,主要體現(xiàn)為糧食生產(chǎn)、紡織業(yè)和造船業(yè)生產(chǎn)、制造；四川盆地市鎮(zhèn)集散功能突出,主要表現(xiàn)為茶葉、鹽業(yè)的販運、買賣。唐宋時期兩地市鎮(zhèn)差異還體現(xiàn)在人口、民風及信仰上,其中四川盆地外來人口較江南地區(qū)多,而江南地區(qū)本土居民結(jié)構(gòu)變化較四川地區(qū)大；江南各地奢靡之風盛行,四川地區(qū)奢侈與簡樸之風并存；在信仰上,兩地均崇佛敬神,但四川盆地還流行行業(yè)神。 唐宋時期兩地市鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展差異明顯,另從市鎮(zhèn)總體質(zhì)量言,兩地也各具特色。其中江南地區(qū)市鎮(zhèn)人口、市鎮(zhèn)商稅、市鎮(zhèn)學校數(shù)量及進士數(shù)量均多于四川盆地。顯然,唐宋時期四川盆地市鎮(zhèn)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平不及江南地區(qū),市鎮(zhèn)化程度與江南相比也略遜一籌。
[Abstract]:"Town" is an independent commercial gathering point between county and township. It plays a very important role in commodity economy and can reflect the level of rural economic development in a region. Sichuan Basin and Jiangnan area are two economic development regions with their own characteristics. In the Tang and Song dynasties, the towns of both places rose and the town economy developed rapidly, which became the economic pillar of the country's steady development. The comparative study of the two towns will not only help us to deepen our understanding of the common and differential development of Sichuan Basin and Jiangnan towns in Tang and Song dynasties, but also provide a useful historical reference for the urbanization of villages and the construction of new rural areas today. The large number of towns is one of the important signs of economic development in the Tang and Song dynasties. The discussion of the difference in the number of towns and cities between the two places is mainly based on the two "Geographic Records of Tang Dynasty", "Yuan he County Chronicles", "Taiping World Records", "Yuanfeng Nine Regionales", "Historical Geography of Song Dynasty", "Geographical Records of the Song Dynasty", "Reading the Summary of Shi Fangyu", "the Song Dynasty will be collected", and so on. The relevant information contained in historical books, Local chronicles, notebooks, poems, inscriptions, epitaph and archaeological materials are cited to draw conclusions. The common denominator of the number of towns in both places is that they are numerous. The main difference is that the total number of towns in the south of the Yangtze River is more than that in the Sichuan basin; the total number of states in the south of the Yangtze River is more than that in the Sichuan basin; the number of towns owned by the prefectures under the jurisdiction of the two places is still more than that in the Sichuan basin. The reasons for these differences are mainly the difference of economic development level and the difference of natural geographical environment between the two places. The increase in the number of towns, the distribution of towns, the functions of towns and the social conditions of towns are important manifestations of the differences in the development of towns within a region. Through combing the number of towns in the Tang and Song dynasties, we can see that there are two characteristics in the increase of the number of towns, that is, from the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, the number of towns in the two places has increased by a large margin, but the growth rate of the towns in Sichuan Basin is larger than that in the south of the Yangtze River. Because of the different location factors of the two places, the distribution of the towns is different as follows: the distribution of the towns in the southern part of the Yangtze River shows a network structure, and the density of the towns and the number of towns in each state are more than those in the Sichuan Basin, while the towns in the Sichuan Basin have a linear layout. And the density of towns and the number of towns in each state are less than those in the south of the Yangtze River. Because of the convenience of transportation, the difference of economic development and the difference of the distribution of towns, the two places have their own features in their functions: the production function of the towns in Jiangnan is stronger, which is mainly reflected in the production of grain, textile and shipbuilding industries; Sichuan basin town distribution function is prominent, mainly for tea, salt industry trafficking, trading. During the Tang and Song dynasties, the differences between the two cities and towns were also reflected in the population, folk customs and beliefs. Among them, there were more exotic people in the Sichuan Basin than in the southern part of the Yangtze River, and the structure of the native inhabitants in the southern part of the Yangtze River changed more than that in the Sichuan region. Luxury and simplicity coexist in Sichuan; both worship Buddhism and deity in both places, but the Sichuan basin is also popular with industry gods. In the Tang and Song dynasties, there were obvious differences in the development of cities and towns, and in terms of the overall quality of the towns, the two places also had their own characteristics. The number of town population, town commercial tax, town school and the number of scholars in Jiangnan area are more than those in Sichuan basin. Obviously, the level of town economy development in Sichuan Basin in Tang and Song dynasties is not as good as that in Jiangnan area, and the degree of urbanization is inferior to that in Jiangnan.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F299.29;K241;K244
本文編號：2125128
[Abstract]:"Town" is an independent commercial gathering point between county and township. It plays a very important role in commodity economy and can reflect the level of rural economic development in a region. Sichuan Basin and Jiangnan area are two economic development regions with their own characteristics. In the Tang and Song dynasties, the towns of both places rose and the town economy developed rapidly, which became the economic pillar of the country's steady development. The comparative study of the two towns will not only help us to deepen our understanding of the common and differential development of Sichuan Basin and Jiangnan towns in Tang and Song dynasties, but also provide a useful historical reference for the urbanization of villages and the construction of new rural areas today. The large number of towns is one of the important signs of economic development in the Tang and Song dynasties. The discussion of the difference in the number of towns and cities between the two places is mainly based on the two "Geographic Records of Tang Dynasty", "Yuan he County Chronicles", "Taiping World Records", "Yuanfeng Nine Regionales", "Historical Geography of Song Dynasty", "Geographical Records of the Song Dynasty", "Reading the Summary of Shi Fangyu", "the Song Dynasty will be collected", and so on. The relevant information contained in historical books, Local chronicles, notebooks, poems, inscriptions, epitaph and archaeological materials are cited to draw conclusions. The common denominator of the number of towns in both places is that they are numerous. The main difference is that the total number of towns in the south of the Yangtze River is more than that in the Sichuan basin; the total number of states in the south of the Yangtze River is more than that in the Sichuan basin; the number of towns owned by the prefectures under the jurisdiction of the two places is still more than that in the Sichuan basin. The reasons for these differences are mainly the difference of economic development level and the difference of natural geographical environment between the two places. The increase in the number of towns, the distribution of towns, the functions of towns and the social conditions of towns are important manifestations of the differences in the development of towns within a region. Through combing the number of towns in the Tang and Song dynasties, we can see that there are two characteristics in the increase of the number of towns, that is, from the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, the number of towns in the two places has increased by a large margin, but the growth rate of the towns in Sichuan Basin is larger than that in the south of the Yangtze River. Because of the different location factors of the two places, the distribution of the towns is different as follows: the distribution of the towns in the southern part of the Yangtze River shows a network structure, and the density of the towns and the number of towns in each state are more than those in the Sichuan Basin, while the towns in the Sichuan Basin have a linear layout. And the density of towns and the number of towns in each state are less than those in the south of the Yangtze River. Because of the convenience of transportation, the difference of economic development and the difference of the distribution of towns, the two places have their own features in their functions: the production function of the towns in Jiangnan is stronger, which is mainly reflected in the production of grain, textile and shipbuilding industries; Sichuan basin town distribution function is prominent, mainly for tea, salt industry trafficking, trading. During the Tang and Song dynasties, the differences between the two cities and towns were also reflected in the population, folk customs and beliefs. Among them, there were more exotic people in the Sichuan Basin than in the southern part of the Yangtze River, and the structure of the native inhabitants in the southern part of the Yangtze River changed more than that in the Sichuan region. Luxury and simplicity coexist in Sichuan; both worship Buddhism and deity in both places, but the Sichuan basin is also popular with industry gods. In the Tang and Song dynasties, there were obvious differences in the development of cities and towns, and in terms of the overall quality of the towns, the two places also had their own characteristics. The number of town population, town commercial tax, town school and the number of scholars in Jiangnan area are more than those in Sichuan basin. Obviously, the level of town economy development in Sichuan Basin in Tang and Song dynasties is not as good as that in Jiangnan area, and the degree of urbanization is inferior to that in Jiangnan.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F299.29;K241;K244
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