元代和清代漢族政策比較研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-15 13:02
【摘要】：元朝和清朝是我國歷史上僅有的兩個由少數(shù)民族入主中原建立的全國性政權(quán),這兩個朝代對我國多民族國家的發(fā)展與鞏固發(fā)揮了至關(guān)重要的作用,這與其奉行的民族政策是分不開的,尤其是對漢族的政策。元代和清代民族政策是整個封建社會民族政策體系的重要組成部分,由于同處于封建社會,其民族政策自然具有歷代王朝民族政策的特點。但這兩個朝代,與歷代封建王朝相比,最大的不同就是全國性政權(quán)是由少數(shù)民族建立的,少數(shù)民族成為了統(tǒng)治民族。這就決定了其對民族問題的理解、所制定和實行民族政策出發(fā)點和角度與歷朝歷代民族政策的不同,所以本文選取了這兩個特殊的朝代作為研究對象進行比較研究。 對歷史上民族政策研究的重要價值在于,為當(dāng)今民族政策的制定和完善,為妥善處理民族問題提供借鑒。元代和清代的民族政策固然已經(jīng)成為歷史,但歷史與現(xiàn)實有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系。元代和清代的眾多民族和相關(guān)問題與中國的現(xiàn)實息息相關(guān),研究元代和清代的漢族政策,客觀了解這兩個少數(shù)民族建立的封建王朝是如何制定與實施民族政策,如何處理民族問題,探究其成功之處和失敗之因,以史為鑒,既可以深化我們對當(dāng)今民族理論與民族政策的反思與發(fā)展,也有益于我們在實際工作當(dāng)中對妥善處理民族問題進行探索與創(chuàng)新。 本文主要是基于這樣一個目的,運用民族理論與政策、政策學(xué)、歷史學(xué)、民族學(xué)等學(xué)科的若干理論和方法對元代和清代漢族政策進行全面考察和深入分析,并從比較史學(xué)的角度嘗試從政策主體、客體、社會環(huán)境、內(nèi)容、實施效果等五個方面對元代和清代的漢族政策進行全面比較和系統(tǒng)評析,在此基礎(chǔ)上得出對我國當(dāng)今民族政策制定與完善的若干啟示,上述問題將是本論文所要著重研究的關(guān)鍵所在。 全文由導(dǎo)論、主體論述和結(jié)論三大部分組成。 在導(dǎo)論中,重點說明了本文的研究目的與意義、國內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)界相關(guān)研究概況、基本概念界定及相關(guān)問題說明、主要研究內(nèi)容和方法等。 第一章,元代漢族政策的形成與發(fā)展。本文所論述的元代不僅包括了元朝統(tǒng)一中國后的歷史,還包括了蒙古汗國時期的歷史。這一部分主要考察這一時期漢族政策形成和發(fā)展的社會背景、主要內(nèi)容和主要特點。在此基礎(chǔ)上,總結(jié)元朝政府漢族政策制定的原則,并對其實施效果進行評價。 第二章,清代漢族政策的形成與發(fā)展。本文所論述的清代不僅包括了清入關(guān)后成為了全國性政權(quán)的歷史,還包括了清入關(guān)前后金作為地方性政權(quán)這段期間的歷史。主要考察這一時期漢族政策形成和發(fā)展的社會背景、主要內(nèi)容和主要特點。在此基礎(chǔ)上,總結(jié)清朝政府漢族政策制定的原則,并對其實施效果進行評價。 第三章,元代和清代漢族政策比較及評析。主要包括：(1)對元代和清代漢族政策的主體、客體、社會環(huán)境、內(nèi)容、實施效果的比較及分析；(2)對元代和清代漢族政策的主要優(yōu)點和主要弊端的評析。通過側(cè)重分析兩個朝代漢族政策的相似性與差異性及探求隱藏于背后的深層次原因,進一步深化對兩個朝代漢族政策的認(rèn)識。 第四章,元代和清代漢族政策對當(dāng)代中國民族政策的啟示,主要是根據(jù)前幾部分的研究得出幾點啟示：(1)對當(dāng)代民族政策理念層面的啟示；(2)對當(dāng)代民族政策制定層面的啟示；(3)對當(dāng)代民族政策實施層面的啟示。 結(jié)論部分,全文通過對元代和清代漢族政策的比較研究,從認(rèn)真區(qū)別元代和清代民族政策與歷代封建王朝民族政策共性與差異性的角度,從元代和清代漢族政策既有可資借鑒的成熟經(jīng)驗同時又有要力圖避免的缺陷的角度,從元代和清代漢族政策異同的角度,從元代和清代漢族政策對比看民族政策對于民族關(guān)系的影響至關(guān)重要性的角度,從元代和清代漢族政策對當(dāng)今民族工作的重要啟示的角度,得出了幾點基本結(jié)論。 總之,希望通過對元代和清代漢族政策的回顧、比較和反思,能夠從中汲取寶貴的經(jīng)驗,對我們今天民族工作的開展能夠有所裨益。
[Abstract]:The Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty are the only two ethnic groups established by the minority nationalities in the history of our country . These two dynasties have played a vital role in the development and consolidation of many ethnic groups in our country .
The important value of the study of ethnic policy in history is to provide reference for the development and perfection of the national policy . The national policy of Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty has become the history , but the history and the Qing Dynasty ' s ethnic policy has become the history , but the history and the Qing Dynasty ' s ethnic policies are closely related to the reality of China .
Based on such an objective , this paper makes a comprehensive investigation and thorough analysis on the policies of Han nationality in Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty by using several theories and methods of national theory and policy , policy science , history and ethnology , and tries to make a comprehensive comparison and systematic analysis of the Han policy in Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty from the angle of comparative history .
The thesis consists of three parts : introduction , subject discussion and conclusion .
In the introduction , emphasis is given to the research purpose and significance of this paper , the relevant research situation , the definition of basic concept and the description of relevant problems at home and abroad , the main research contents and methods , etc .
The first chapter , the formation and development of the Han nationality policy in Yuan Dynasty . The Yuan Dynasty discussed in this paper not only includes the history of the unification of the Yuan Dynasty in China , but also the history of the period of the Han nationality in Mongolia . This part mainly examines the social background , main contents and main characteristics of the formation and development of the Han policy in this period . On this basis , the principles of the policy formulation of the Han nationality in the Yuan Dynasty are summarized , and the effect of its implementation is evaluated .
The second chapter , the formation and development of the Han nationality policy in Qing Dynasty . The Qing Dynasty discussed in this paper not only includes the history of the national political power after the Qing Dynasty , but also the history of the period of the period of the Qing Dynasty before and after the Qing Dynasty .
The third chapter , the comparison and analysis of the policy of Han nationality in Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty mainly includes : ( 1 ) the comparison and analysis of the subject , object , social environment , content and implementation effect of the Han policy of Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty ;
( 2 ) To analyze the main advantages and disadvantages of Han ' s policies in Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty .
The fourth chapter , the enlightenment of the Yuan Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty Han nationality policy on the contemporary Chinese national policy is mainly based on the research of the first few parts to get some revelations : ( 1 ) the inspiration to the contemporary national policy concept level ;
( 2 ) Enlightment to the development level of contemporary national policy ;
( 3 ) Enlightment to the implementation of contemporary national policy .
Based on the comparative study of the policy of Han nationality in Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty , the author has drawn some basic conclusions from the perspective of the policy of Han nationality in Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty .
In short , it is hoped that through the review , comparison and reflection of the Han policy of the Yuan Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty , the valuable experience can be drawn from it , and it will be beneficial to the development of our national work today .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K249
本文編號：2124162
[Abstract]:The Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty are the only two ethnic groups established by the minority nationalities in the history of our country . These two dynasties have played a vital role in the development and consolidation of many ethnic groups in our country .
The important value of the study of ethnic policy in history is to provide reference for the development and perfection of the national policy . The national policy of Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty has become the history , but the history and the Qing Dynasty ' s ethnic policy has become the history , but the history and the Qing Dynasty ' s ethnic policies are closely related to the reality of China .
Based on such an objective , this paper makes a comprehensive investigation and thorough analysis on the policies of Han nationality in Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty by using several theories and methods of national theory and policy , policy science , history and ethnology , and tries to make a comprehensive comparison and systematic analysis of the Han policy in Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty from the angle of comparative history .
The thesis consists of three parts : introduction , subject discussion and conclusion .
In the introduction , emphasis is given to the research purpose and significance of this paper , the relevant research situation , the definition of basic concept and the description of relevant problems at home and abroad , the main research contents and methods , etc .
The first chapter , the formation and development of the Han nationality policy in Yuan Dynasty . The Yuan Dynasty discussed in this paper not only includes the history of the unification of the Yuan Dynasty in China , but also the history of the period of the Han nationality in Mongolia . This part mainly examines the social background , main contents and main characteristics of the formation and development of the Han policy in this period . On this basis , the principles of the policy formulation of the Han nationality in the Yuan Dynasty are summarized , and the effect of its implementation is evaluated .
The second chapter , the formation and development of the Han nationality policy in Qing Dynasty . The Qing Dynasty discussed in this paper not only includes the history of the national political power after the Qing Dynasty , but also the history of the period of the period of the Qing Dynasty before and after the Qing Dynasty .
The third chapter , the comparison and analysis of the policy of Han nationality in Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty mainly includes : ( 1 ) the comparison and analysis of the subject , object , social environment , content and implementation effect of the Han policy of Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty ;
( 2 ) To analyze the main advantages and disadvantages of Han ' s policies in Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty .
The fourth chapter , the enlightenment of the Yuan Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty Han nationality policy on the contemporary Chinese national policy is mainly based on the research of the first few parts to get some revelations : ( 1 ) the inspiration to the contemporary national policy concept level ;
( 2 ) Enlightment to the development level of contemporary national policy ;
( 3 ) Enlightment to the implementation of contemporary national policy .
Based on the comparative study of the policy of Han nationality in Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty , the author has drawn some basic conclusions from the perspective of the policy of Han nationality in Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty .
In short , it is hoped that through the review , comparison and reflection of the Han policy of the Yuan Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty , the valuable experience can be drawn from it , and it will be beneficial to the development of our national work today .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K249
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