本文選題：臺灣島 + 外國漂流民　； 參考：《海交史研究》2017年02期

【摘要】：作為東亞最大的國家,清政府在朝貢時代,對海上遭風(fēng)船舶和漂流民的救援,與其宗主國的地位非常相稱。最徹底的救助對象,是肩負(fù)著政治使命的貢船和船員,以及護送中國遭風(fēng)漂流民回國途中再次遭風(fēng)漂流的外國船只,救助數(shù)量最多的是海上往來頻繁的商船和船員。由亞洲大陸與西北太平洋第一島鏈圍成的海域,即黃海、東海和南海所在的區(qū)域,相當(dāng)于亞洲的地中海。大國與小國,雖然從表面上看,地位并不平等,但本質(zhì)上并沒有形成大國殖民小國的關(guān)系,因此,相距遙遠的島國呂宋,才會想方設(shè)法要加入這一朝貢體系。西方殖民者的出現(xiàn),使得東亞傳統(tǒng)的地緣政治關(guān)系和海上國際救助體系,被徹底打破。尤其是英國入侵后,原本是大清國通過海上救助"宣示圣恩,俾該國之人咸知我皇上懷柔怙冒之至意"的區(qū)域,轉(zhuǎn)眼間變成了各國相互廝殺的戰(zhàn)場。原本被列為"化外之民"的臺灣原住民,因他們生存的"化外之地",有別于清政府建章立制的"教化之區(qū)",而成了西方列強急于趁機掠取的"無主空間"。清政府被迫改變現(xiàn)狀,"開山撫番",以保住外洋島嶼。然而,清政府的這一舉措,固然順應(yīng)了國際地緣政治關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)變,卻沒法改變自己日趨衰落的國勢。最終臺灣還是在大清國的手里,被東亞新霸主日本吞并。臺灣外國漂流民的政府救助制度的變化,如一面鏡子,清楚地反映了有清一代東亞海域國際地緣政治的風(fēng)云變化。
[Abstract]:As the largest country in East Asia, the Qing government in the tributary era, the rescue of ships and drifting people at sea, is very appropriate to its position as the sovereign state. The most radical targets are tributary ships and crew members on political missions and foreign ships escorting China's wind-drifted people on their way home, with the largest number of merchant ships and crew members traveling frequently at sea. The sea area bounded by the first island chain between the Asian continent and the Northwest Pacific Ocean, the Huang Hai, the East China Sea and the South China Sea, is equivalent to the Mediterranean Sea in Asia. Although the status of great and small countries is not equal on the surface, it does not form the relationship between big and small countries. Therefore, Luzon, a distant island country, will try its best to join the tributary system. The appearance of Western colonists completely broke the traditional geopolitical relations and the system of international aid at sea in East Asia. In particular, after the British invasion, it was originally the area where the Qing Dynasty "proclaimed the sacrament through sea aid, so that the people of this country could know that my Majesty's Safeguarding was the most willing", and suddenly turned into a battlefield in which nations fought against each other. The aborigines of Taiwan, who were originally classified as "the people of the world," are different from the "civilized areas" established by the Qing government because of their "land of transformation", and have become "empty spaces" for the Western powers eager to take advantage of the opportunity. The Qing government was forced to change the status quo and to preserve the foreign islands. However, the Qing government's action, although conforming to the change of international geopolitical relations, could not change its declining state. In the end, Taiwan was in the hands of the Qing Dynasty and annexed by the new East Asian hegemon, Japan. The changes in the government aid system of Taiwan's foreign drifters, such as a mirror, clearly reflected the changes in the international geopolitics of the East Asian Sea during the Qing Dynasty.
【作者單位】： 廈門大學(xué)人文學(xué)院歷史系;
【基金】：國家社科基金項目:《明清時期西北太平洋熱帶氣旋與東南沿海基層社會應(yīng)對機制研究》(10BZS059);國家社科基金重大項目:《清代海疆政策與開發(fā)研究》(13ZD&093)的階段性成果之一
【分類號】：K249
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本文編號：1918768