發(fā)布時間：2018-06-20 14:41

  本文選題：明清時期 + 天津��； 參考：《南開大學》2009年博士論文

【摘要】：明清時期,政治、經濟重心相分離,京師皇室、百官及軍士所需糧餉完全依賴從南方運送至京師的漕糧,漕糧是明清兩朝賴以存在的經濟基礎。把漕糧從江南輸送到京師,依靠的是南起杭州北至京師的京杭運河,而在數千里的運河上,天津地區(qū)的運河處于上達京通、下接江淮的樞紐地位,每年數萬只漕船和數百萬石漕糧由此經過,并且還有大量漕糧在此截存,因此天津是明清時期整個漕運過程的關鍵環(huán)節(jié)所在,在明清漕運史上占有舉足輕重的地位,漕運也成為影響明清時期天津城市發(fā)展的重要因素之一。本文試圖對明清時期天津的漕運情況作一全面而詳盡的探討。 本文分為八章,加上緒論和結語共十部分。 緒論的主要內容是對前人研究進行回顧,并對本文的選題依據、研究范圍及其他有關問題加以說明。 第一章,以明清時期天津地區(qū)漕運的基本條件——南北運河為考察對象,重點介紹南北運河的水源及管理問題。指出南運河以衛(wèi)河為主水源,北運河以白河為主水源,同時還各有眾多其它水源;天津南北運河設有各級官員進行管理,而具體的維修任務則由沿運河設置的淺鋪及夫役來承擔。 第二章,仍以明清時期天津地區(qū)漕運的基本條件——南北運河為考察對象,重點對南北運河之河道疏浚和堤岸維修以及維修費用進行了探討,并對明清時期薊運河的開通和維修加以論述。 第三章,以明清時期經由天津和截留于天津的漕糧為考察對象,分別對兩者進行數量的統(tǒng)計和分析,并對明清時期在天津截留漕糧的主要原因進行研究,指出這些原因包括漕船遲至、恐誤回空,北河不暢、有礙通行以及預備賑濟和籌措軍餉等。 第四章,繼續(xù)以截留于天津的漕糧為考察對象,主要論述截留在天津之漕糧的存儲倉廒及最終去向,即轉運京通倉、用于賑濟、充作軍餉,另外,還有少數充作它用;最后,還對明清薊運糧的沿革進行了探討。 第五章,以明清時期漕運人員為考察對象,主要論述他們在天津地區(qū)作奸犯科的情況,包括旗丁對漕糧的盜賣摻和、水手和纖夫的沿途擾害以及漕運官丁夾帶私鹽等。另外,還對明清政府針對這些弊行所制定的相關制度進行分析。 第六章,主要論述明清漕船在天津出現的各種特殊問題,包括漕船催攢、漕糧凍阻、漕糧漂流、漕糧掛欠等,以及明清政府應對上述問題采取的各種措施。 第七章,以漕糧海運為考察對象,主要論述明清時期在以內河運輸漕糧為主的情況下,海運間或被實行的狀況,其中重點介紹清朝道光六年實行海運的情況,從而以見一斑。 第八章,主要論述明清時期漕運對天津各方面的影響。指出明清時期天津的商業(yè)、人口、民生、語言、信仰、文學等方面,在漕運的影響下,都發(fā)生了極大的變化�？梢哉f沒有漕運,就沒有其時天津的飛快成長。因此,漕運在天津城市成長的歷史長河中具有不可磨滅的貢獻。 結語以簡練的語句對全文主要內容進行總結,以予讀者清晰的印象。
[Abstract]:During the Ming and Qing Dynasties , the political and economic center of gravity separated , and the rates of the imperial palace , the Baiguan and the sergeant of the capital were completely dependent on the grain of grain from the south to the Beijing Normal University . The grain was the key link of the whole water transportation process in the Ming and Qing Dynasties .


This article is divided into eight chapters , plus the introduction theory and the conclusion of ten parts .


The main content of the introduction is to review the previous studies , and to illustrate the basis , scope of research and other related issues in this paper .


The first chapter introduces the water resources and management problems of the North - South Canal in the Ming and Qing Dynasties . It points out that the south canal is the main water source , the North Canal is the main water source of the Baihe River , and there are many other water sources . At the same time , there are many other water sources in the north - south canal of Tianjin , while the specific maintenance tasks are borne by the shallow paving and husband service along the canal .


In chapter 2 , the basic condition of water transport in Tianjin area is still in the Ming and Qing Dynasties . This paper discusses the river dredging and bank maintenance and maintenance cost of the North - South Canal , and discusses the opening and maintenance of the thrips canal in the Ming and Qing Dynasties .


The third chapter , in the Ming and Qing Dynasties , through Tianjin and cut - off in Tianjin as the research object , the quantity statistics and analysis of the two , and the main reasons for the interception of the grain in Tianjin during the Ming and Qing Dynasties , pointed out that these reasons include the late arrival of the Cao vessel , the fear of false return , the obstruction of the North River , the obstruction of traffic and the preparation of relief and the financing of the rates .


In the fourth chapter , we continue to study the grain depot in Tianjin as the object of investigation , and mainly discuss the storage bin of the grain in Tianjin and the final heading , namely , the transfer of Jingtong bin , which can be used to relieve the relief , pay for the rate , and a small minority to use it ; and finally , it also discusses the evolution of the grain of the artichoke in Ming and Qing Dynasty .


In the fifth chapter , in the Ming and Qing Dynasties , the transport personnel in the Ming and Qing Dynasties as the object of investigation , mainly discussed their crimes in the Tianjin area , including the flag Ding ' s illegal sale of the grain and the road disturbance of the sailor and man , as well as the entrapment of the private salt of the water transport officer , etc . The relevant system of the government in the Ming and Qing Dynasty was also analyzed .


The sixth chapter mainly deals with the special problems of the Ming and Qing Cao ships in Tianjin , including the rush - up of Cao - ship , the grain - freezing resistance , the water - grain drift , the water - grain shortage and so on , as well as the various measures taken by the government to deal with the above - mentioned problems .


Chapter 7 , taking the sea transportation as the object of investigation , mainly discusses the situation of sea transportation or being carried out during the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the case of the transportation of the grain in the inland river , with the emphasis on the situation of carrying out maritime transport for six years in the Qing Dynasty , so as to see a spot .


Chapter 8 mainly deals with the influence of water transport on all aspects of Tianjin during the Ming and Qing Dynasties . It is pointed out that the commercial , population , livelihood , language , belief and literature of Tianjin have changed greatly under the influence of water transport in the Ming and Qing Dynasties .


The conclusion is to summarize the main contents of the whole text in a concise statement , so as to give readers a clear impression .
【學位授予單位】：南開大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：F512.9;K29

【引證文獻】

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 王長松;近代海河河道治理與天津港口空間轉移的過程研究[D];北京大學;2011年

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 武劍峰;城市線性濱水空間的建設[D];天津大學;2012年

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本文編號：2044611