本文選題：云南馬幫 + 驛運(yùn)��； 參考：《四川大學(xué)》2004年碩士論文

【摘要】：云南地處祖國(guó)西南，由于山高谷深而路橋難通、河流湍急而不利水運(yùn)的地理環(huán)境，使馬幫驛運(yùn)成為民國(guó)時(shí)期云南的主要運(yùn)輸方式。由“馬鍋頭”和“馬腳子”組成的馬幫在長(zhǎng)期的營(yíng)運(yùn)過程中，逐漸確立了相對(duì)固定的運(yùn)輸線路，幾乎涵蓋了云南全省和與云南有經(jīng)濟(jì)交往的內(nèi)地各省區(qū)及周邊國(guó)家，并形成了自身特定的馬幫文化，包括馬幫的組織形式、不成文的行規(guī)等。在特殊的地理、歷史、經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下，民國(guó)時(shí)期以回族和納西族為代表的云南少數(shù)民族商幫的興起、發(fā)展、繁榮及其聚居區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展與馬幫驛運(yùn)有著密切的聯(lián)系。不少少數(shù)民族商幫就是靠著馬幫運(yùn)輸發(fā)展起來的，，同時(shí)少數(shù)民族商幫的興起和發(fā)展、少數(shù)民族地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展反過來又促進(jìn)了馬幫驛運(yùn)業(yè)的發(fā)展�？箲�(zhàn)爆發(fā)后，云南日益成為中國(guó)對(duì)外進(jìn)出口的交通要道，在機(jī)力運(yùn)輸嚴(yán)重不足的情況下，驛運(yùn)日益顯示其“持續(xù)不斷”的運(yùn)輸效能。在國(guó)民政府的倡導(dǎo)和云南地方政府的主持下，云南官辦驛運(yùn)得以恢復(fù)，與其他現(xiàn)代運(yùn)輸方式一起承擔(dān)國(guó)際援華戰(zhàn)略物資和省內(nèi)省際客貨運(yùn)輸?shù)闹厝�，發(fā)揮了重要的后勤保障作用。民國(guó)時(shí)期云南馬幫驛運(yùn)的發(fā)展還帶動(dòng)了養(yǎng)馬、馬棧、馬具制造等相關(guān)行業(yè)的發(fā)展。同時(shí)，馬幫通行各地，不僅轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)各類貨物，而且為落后的邊遠(yuǎn)山區(qū)和邊境地區(qū)送去了商品和市場(chǎng)觀念。同時(shí)由于沿線要經(jīng)過彝、白、納西、藏、哈尼、傣等少數(shù)民族聚居區(qū)，從而加強(qiáng)了各民族間的相互交流和了解，特別是沿茶馬古道展開的，以馬幫販運(yùn)為主的滇藏貿(mào)易，不僅在一定程度上滿足了藏區(qū)人民對(duì)普洱茶及其他生活用品的需要，而且維系了民國(guó)年間內(nèi)地與西藏之間為數(shù)不多的經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系。
[Abstract]:Yunnan is located in the southwest of the motherland, because the mountain is high and the valley is deep and the road and bridge are difficult to pass, and the rivers are swift and unfavorable to water transportation, which makes the Ma Gang post transportation become the main transportation mode of Yunnan in the period of the Republic of China. Over a long period of time, the Ma Gang, composed of "Ma Guotou" and "Ma Jizi", gradually established relatively fixed transportation lines, almost covering the whole province of Yunnan, the mainland provinces and regions with economic contacts with Yunnan and the surrounding countries. And formed its own specific horse culture, including the organization of horse, unwritten rules and so on. Under the special geographical, historical and economic conditions, the rise, development, prosperity and economic development of Yunnan ethnic groups represented by Hui and Naxi in the period of the Republic of China are closely related to Ma Gang's post transportation. Quite a few minority business groups have developed by means of horse caravan transportation. At the same time, the rise and development of minority business groups, the economic development of minority areas in turn has promoted the development of Ma Gang post transportation industry. Since the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, Yunnan has increasingly become the main point of transportation for China's import and export to the outside world. With the serious shortage of air transportation, the post transportation increasingly shows its "continuous" transport efficiency. At the initiative of the National Government and under the auspices of the local government of Yunnan, the official post transportation of Yunnan was restored and, together with other modern transportation modes, it took on the important task of international strategic goods for China and inter-provincial passenger and freight transportation. Played an important role in logistics support. During the period of the Republic of China, the development of Yunnan horse gang post transportation also led to the development of horse raising, horse house, horse harness manufacturing and other related industries. At the same time, it not only transports all kinds of goods, but also sends goods and market ideas to the backward remote mountainous areas and border areas. At the same time, as the route has to pass through areas inhabited by ethnic minorities such as Yi, Bai, Naxi, Tibet, Hani, Dai and so on, exchanges and understanding among different ethnic groups have been strengthened, especially the Yunnan-Tibetan trade along the ancient Cha Ma Road, which is mainly trafficking by horse gangs. It not only met the needs of the Tibetan people for Pu'er tea and other daily necessities to some extent, but also maintained the few economic ties between the mainland and Tibet during the Republic of China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號(hào)】：K29

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 肖雄;抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期四川省辦驛運(yùn)研究[D];四川大學(xué);2007年

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