【摘要】： 民主是文明社會(huì)的基本價(jià)值,是近代政治文明的偉大成果,是不同國(guó)家、不同意識(shí)形態(tài)共識(shí)的政治哲學(xué)。當(dāng)今,追求民主已然成為世界各國(guó)政府與人民的共識(shí)。民主既是一種制度也是一種文化,民主的實(shí)現(xiàn)需要民主制度與民主文化的和諧統(tǒng)一。本文以政治文化為視角,對(duì)民初代議制度的建立、運(yùn)行、失敗進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究,最后,對(duì)民主政治發(fā)展和社會(huì)主義政治文明建設(shè)了提出自己的看法。 清末,西方列強(qiáng)憑借著船堅(jiān)炮利敲開了舊中國(guó)的大門,隨之而來(lái)涌入國(guó)內(nèi)的除了大量的商品之外還有豐富的文化。廣大仁人志士在認(rèn)清清政府腐敗無(wú)能的本質(zhì)后,開始接受西方的先進(jìn)文化——參與型政治文化——并向其尋找御敵救國(guó)之道。參與型政治文化在近代中國(guó)的萌生與發(fā)展,不但使國(guó)人在思想上受到了啟蒙,而且更直接的后果就是促使封建君主專制統(tǒng)治的倒臺(tái)與代議民主制度的建立。 代議制度在近代中國(guó)建立以后,其運(yùn)行與發(fā)展遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)脫離了國(guó)人的預(yù)期。辛亥革命所推翻的君主專制制度,僅僅是摧毀了封建政治制度的“形”,而在中國(guó)綿延千年之久的封建政治制度的“神”——依附型政治文化——卻依然強(qiáng)大。參與型政治文化不但沒(méi)有因?yàn)榇h制度的確立而成為民初社會(huì)的主流政治文化,反而因?yàn)樵谂c依附型政治文化的對(duì)抗中失利發(fā)生異化�；蔚恼挝幕罱K決定了民初代議制度也只能是“曇花一現(xiàn)”。 “以古為鏡,可知興替”,回顧民初那段激蕩的歲月,我們可以看到代議制度的健康運(yùn)行,必須要有與之相適應(yīng)的參與型政治文化的良性互動(dòng)。社會(huì)主義人民代表大會(huì)制度是新型的代議制度,是我國(guó)根本的政治制度,不斷完善人民代表大會(huì)制度,是我國(guó)社會(huì)主義政治文明建設(shè)的應(yīng)有之義。當(dāng)前,我們要將政治文化變革作為推動(dòng)我國(guó)政治制度不斷完善的先導(dǎo),并在當(dāng)前的國(guó)情下,不斷增加參與型政治文化的變量,使得社會(huì)主義政治文明建設(shè)得以順利進(jìn)行。
[Abstract]:Democracy is the basic value of civilized society, the great achievement of modern political civilization, and the political philosophy of different countries and ideologies. Nowadays, the pursuit of democracy has become the consensus of governments and people all over the world. Democracy is not only a system but also a culture. The realization of democracy requires the harmonious unity of democratic system and democratic culture. From the perspective of political culture, this paper makes a systematic study on the establishment, operation and failure of the representative system in the early Republic of China. Finally, it puts forward its own views on the development of democratic politics and the construction of socialist political civilization. At the end of Qing Dynasty, the western powers opened the door of old China by virtue of their strong guns, and then poured into the country, in addition to a large number of goods, there was also a wealth of culture. After recognizing the nature of government corruption and incompetence, the broad masses of benevolent people began to accept the advanced culture of the West-the participating political culture-and looked for ways to save the country from the enemy. The emergence and development of participating political culture in modern China not only made the Chinese people enlighten ideologically, but also promoted the fall of feudal autocratic monarchy and the establishment of representative democracy. After the establishment of representative system in modern China, its operation and development are far away from the expectations of the Chinese people. The autocratic monarchy system overthrown by the Revolution of 1911 only destroyed the "form" of the feudal political system, but the "god" of the feudal political system, which lasted for thousands of years in China, was still strong. The participating political culture not only did not become the mainstream political culture of the early Republic of China because of the establishment of the representative system, but also was dissimilated in the confrontation with the dependent political culture. The abnormal political culture finally decided that the representative system in the early Republic of China could only be a flash in the pan. Looking back on the agitation of the early Republic of China, we can see the healthy operation of the representative system, and we must have the benign interaction of the participating political culture in accordance with the fact that the ancient times are taken as the mirror, and we look back at the agitation of the early Republic of China. The socialist people's Congress system is a new type of representative system and the fundamental political system of our country. It is the proper meaning of the construction of socialist political civilization to constantly improve the people's Congress system. At present, we should take the political and cultural reform as the forerunner to promote the continuous improvement of the political system of our country, and under the current national conditions, constantly increase the variables of the participating political culture, so that the construction of socialist political civilization can proceed smoothly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：黑龍江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D691;K257

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