東北三省咨議局、資政院及第一屆國會、省議會議員選舉考略
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-10 18:31
【摘要】：清末,歷時兩千余年的封建經(jīng)濟逐漸趨向解體，動搖著以此為基礎的專制君主政體;伴隨著資本主義經(jīng)濟的侵入，為中國人聞所未聞的包括民主、共和、議會這類與資本主義政治文化相應的政治制度知識，被介紹到中國來。從此西方資產(chǎn)階級議會民主制，成為中國資產(chǎn)階級追求的政治目標,中國政體的轉(zhuǎn)軌變型，開始了艱難的起步。19世紀40年代議會選舉制傳入中國，逐漸被中國上層政治精英認識并接受。無論是洋務派中少數(shù)人的贊揚和關注，還是早期改良派和維新派的極力追捧，都預示著選舉制度在中國晚清的政治實踐即將開始。上層政治精英對西方議會選舉制度的探索為中國實施選舉提供思想支持，晚清政局和社會狀況為議會選舉制度在中國的實踐提供了必要條件。1911年資產(chǎn)階級革命派領導的辛亥革命推翻了兩千多年的封建專制統(tǒng)治，，建立民主共和國——中華民國,中國經(jīng)過了民主大革命的洗禮，資產(chǎn)階級革命派取代了封建君主成為中國政壇的主流力量，所以中國是否應該實行民主制度已經(jīng)不是討論的重點，問題的關鍵在于中國如何實現(xiàn)民主。代議制政體是革命派為新建立的中華民國選擇的最好道路,清末民初的統(tǒng)治者希望用代議制達到各自的政治目的，在這樣的歷史背景之下，東北三省與全國其他各省一樣拉開了代議制選舉的序幕。 長久以來雖然沒有對于清末民初東北三省議員選舉的研究專著問世，但是有關這方面的論文還是有的,這說明一直以來都有人關注清末民初東北三省的民主進程。這些成果有助于我們對近代中國政治變遷進一步深入研究，但是單從東北三省近代政治制度特別是選舉制度研究方面看，仍存在許多值得探討的地方。首先，上述的研究成果絕大部分是在研究清末民初政治及其他問題的時候，附帶提及了對東北三省選舉情況，此類成果因側(cè)重點不盡相同，對東三省選舉制度的論述不夠系統(tǒng)或僅點到為止，只有劉會軍、呂雪飛的文章對奉天省第一屆國會的選舉情況進行了具體考察論述，尚沒有文章或著作對東北三省的選舉制度進行全方位的研究。其次，研究方法比較單一，除少數(shù)文章外，絕大多數(shù)仍采用傳統(tǒng)的歷史學研究方法，缺少對比較史學、計量史學、人類學、社會學、民族學等相關研究方法的運用。再次，史料陳舊是清末民初東三省選舉研究的一個難題，以往對與這方面的研究限于當時、當?shù)氐膱蠹埡汀缎梁ジ锩Y料匯編》等常見的文獻史料，大量的縣志、檔案、奏折、外文資料和口述史料沒有被很好的利用�？傊�，目前學界關于清末民初東北三省憲政選舉過程的研究仍然十分薄弱，多為一些零散的研究，到目前為止還沒有一部系統(tǒng)的專著問世，所以為筆者的研究留下較大的探索空間。 在緒論部分主要介紹了論文選題的緣起以及當前國內(nèi)外相關研究現(xiàn)狀,并且闡述論文研究主旨與意義、論文研究參考的理論和運用的方法等問題，敘述論文研究的空間、時間范圍與研究對象的界定以及對論文的整體框架結(jié)構(gòu)進行概括，最后是對論文研究資料的搜集與整理等問題進行說明。以上內(nèi)容為后面論文的全面展開做好學術(shù)鋪墊。清末東北三省咨議局、資政院議員選舉是論文的主體之一。這部分首先從清末資政院、咨議局議員選舉的社會背景入手，闡述了清末議會制選舉思想在中國的傳播和發(fā)展，清末政局與實施議會制選舉的關系，清末東北三省議會制選舉的歷史條件，然后分析了資政院、咨議局議員選舉法制定過程、內(nèi)容及特點。對于東北三省咨議局、資政院議員選舉過程以及對清末東北三省咨議局、資政院議員選舉述評作為重點論述了以下內(nèi)容：選舉前的準備、選舉過程及結(jié)果、選舉的經(jīng)驗與不足、選舉中社會團體與個人的作用、議員的特點。民國初年東北三省國會、省議會議員選舉是論文的另外一個重點。首先從民國初年國會、省議會議員選舉的歷史條件及選舉法令入手，闡述了民初政局既資產(chǎn)階級革命派民主思想在東北三省的傳播及國會、省議會議員選舉法令分析。然后進入第三部分的主體東北三省省議會、國會議員選舉過程及對其進行評析。主要是六個大問題：選前準備、選舉過程及結(jié)果、民初選舉的先進性、選舉中的問題、選舉中的政黨、議員的特點。 本文旨在以東北三省議會制度選舉作為研究對象，進行全面系統(tǒng)地研究，對該時期東北三省議會選舉制度實行的社會歷史條件、選舉機構(gòu)的設置、選民狀況、選舉制度的具體運行狀況和選舉結(jié)果進行具體的考察，從而分析和論述其特點，從而通過對一個地域的選舉制度的研究來折射當時中國選舉制度的情況，豐富中國選舉制度的研究成果，從一個側(cè)面推進中國近代政治制度史、中國近代政治史的研究。本文的主要觀點是，清末民初議會制選舉是中國處于社會轉(zhuǎn)型時期的產(chǎn)物，具體來說是中國的社會及政治結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生變化、全國及東北三省政治形式、傳統(tǒng)模式向現(xiàn)代政治模式裂變、中西政治文化交匯等多方面原因共同作用下的結(jié)果。東北三省清末民初代議制選舉有著鮮明的地方特色，是社會大轉(zhuǎn)型之下，建立與之相適應的社會政治關系的必要組成部分，是適應當時社會發(fā)展需要的政治實踐活動，為后人積累了政治經(jīng)驗、提供了借鑒。
[Abstract]:At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the feudal economy, which lasted more than 2000 years, gradually disintegrated, shaking the autocratic monarchy based on it. With the invasion of capitalist economy, the knowledge of political system, such as democracy, Republic and parliament, which corresponded to capitalist political culture, was introduced to China. The parliamentary democratic system became the political goal pursued by the Chinese bourgeoisie, and the transformation of the Chinese political system began a difficult start. In the 1940s, the parliamentary electoral system was introduced into China and gradually recognized and accepted by the Chinese upper political elites. It was the praise and concern of the minority in the Westernization School, or the pole of the early reformists and reformists. The exploration of the Western parliamentary electoral system by the upper political elites provided ideological support for the implementation of elections in China. The political situation and social conditions in the late Qing Dynasty provided the necessary conditions for the practice of the parliamentary electoral system in China. The 1911 bourgeois revolutionaries led Xin The Revolution of 1911 overthrew more than 2000 years of feudal autocratic rule and established a democratic republic, the Republic of China. After the baptism of the Great Democratic Revolution, China has replaced the feudal monarchy by the bourgeois revolutionaries and become the mainstream of China's political arena. Therefore, whether China should implement democratic system is no longer the focus of discussion, the key lies in the issue. The representative system of government is the best way for the revolutionaries to choose for the newly-established Republic of China. The rulers of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China hoped to achieve their own political goals with the representative system. Under such historical background, the three northeastern provinces, like other provinces in the country, started the prelude of the representative system of election.
For a long time, there has been no monograph on the election of members of the three northeastern provinces in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, but there are still some papers on this issue, which shows that people have been concerned about the democratic process of the three northeastern provinces in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. First of all, the above-mentioned research results were mostly in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China when studying the political and other issues, incidentally mentioning the situation of elections in the three northeastern provinces, such results due to different emphasis on the three eastern provinces electoral system. Only Liu Huijun and Lu Xuefei have made a detailed investigation and Discussion on the election of the first Congress of Fengtian Province. There are no articles or works on the election system of the three northeastern provinces in an all-round way. Thirdly, the obsolete historical data is a difficult problem in the study of the election in the three eastern provinces in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. In short, the current academic research on the constitutional electoral process in the three northeastern provinces of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China is still very weak, mostly scattered research, so far no systematic monograph has been published, so it is left for the author's research. Larger exploration space.
In the introduction part, the author mainly introduces the origin of the topic selection and the current research situation at home and abroad, and expounds the research purpose and significance of the paper, the theory and application method of the research reference, describes the space, time range and the definition of the research object, and summarizes the overall framework of the paper. Finally, it explains the collection and collation of the research materials of the thesis. The above contents are the academic foundation for the comprehensive development of the later papers. The dissemination and development of the idea of parliamentary elections in China, the relationship between the political situation in the late Qing Dynasty and the implementation of parliamentary elections, and the historical conditions of parliamentary elections in the three northeastern provinces in the late Qing Dynasty are analyzed. Then the formulation process, contents and characteristics of the electoral law for members of the Senate and the Senate are analyzed. The three provincial council, the review of the election of members of the Senate as a focus on the following: pre-election preparations, election process and results, election experience and shortcomings, the role of social groups and individuals in the election, the characteristics of members of parliament. Beginning with the historical conditions and electoral decrees for the election of members of Parliament and provincial councils in the early years of the Republic of China, the dissemination of bourgeois revolutionary democratic ideas in the three northeastern provinces and the analysis of election decrees for members of Parliament and provincial councils were expounded. There are mainly six major issues: pre-election preparation, election process and results, the advanced nature of the early Republican elections, the problems in the elections, the political parties in the elections, and the characteristics of the members of parliament.
The purpose of this paper is to make a comprehensive and systematic study of the elections of the three provincial councils in Northeast China. The social and historical conditions, the establishment of electoral institutions, the voters'conditions, the specific operation of the electoral system and the election results of the electoral system in the three provincial councils in Northeast China during this period are investigated in detail. The main point of this paper is that the parliamentary elections in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China are in the period of social transformation. The result is the change of China's social and political structure, the political form of the whole country and the three northeastern provinces, the fission of the traditional mode to the modern political mode, and the convergence of Chinese and Western political culture. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a suitable social and political relationship, which is a political practice to meet the needs of social development at the present time. It has accumulated political experience and provided a reference for future generations.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K25
本文編號：2175837
[Abstract]:At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the feudal economy, which lasted more than 2000 years, gradually disintegrated, shaking the autocratic monarchy based on it. With the invasion of capitalist economy, the knowledge of political system, such as democracy, Republic and parliament, which corresponded to capitalist political culture, was introduced to China. The parliamentary democratic system became the political goal pursued by the Chinese bourgeoisie, and the transformation of the Chinese political system began a difficult start. In the 1940s, the parliamentary electoral system was introduced into China and gradually recognized and accepted by the Chinese upper political elites. It was the praise and concern of the minority in the Westernization School, or the pole of the early reformists and reformists. The exploration of the Western parliamentary electoral system by the upper political elites provided ideological support for the implementation of elections in China. The political situation and social conditions in the late Qing Dynasty provided the necessary conditions for the practice of the parliamentary electoral system in China. The 1911 bourgeois revolutionaries led Xin The Revolution of 1911 overthrew more than 2000 years of feudal autocratic rule and established a democratic republic, the Republic of China. After the baptism of the Great Democratic Revolution, China has replaced the feudal monarchy by the bourgeois revolutionaries and become the mainstream of China's political arena. Therefore, whether China should implement democratic system is no longer the focus of discussion, the key lies in the issue. The representative system of government is the best way for the revolutionaries to choose for the newly-established Republic of China. The rulers of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China hoped to achieve their own political goals with the representative system. Under such historical background, the three northeastern provinces, like other provinces in the country, started the prelude of the representative system of election.
For a long time, there has been no monograph on the election of members of the three northeastern provinces in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, but there are still some papers on this issue, which shows that people have been concerned about the democratic process of the three northeastern provinces in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. First of all, the above-mentioned research results were mostly in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China when studying the political and other issues, incidentally mentioning the situation of elections in the three northeastern provinces, such results due to different emphasis on the three eastern provinces electoral system. Only Liu Huijun and Lu Xuefei have made a detailed investigation and Discussion on the election of the first Congress of Fengtian Province. There are no articles or works on the election system of the three northeastern provinces in an all-round way. Thirdly, the obsolete historical data is a difficult problem in the study of the election in the three eastern provinces in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. In short, the current academic research on the constitutional electoral process in the three northeastern provinces of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China is still very weak, mostly scattered research, so far no systematic monograph has been published, so it is left for the author's research. Larger exploration space.
In the introduction part, the author mainly introduces the origin of the topic selection and the current research situation at home and abroad, and expounds the research purpose and significance of the paper, the theory and application method of the research reference, describes the space, time range and the definition of the research object, and summarizes the overall framework of the paper. Finally, it explains the collection and collation of the research materials of the thesis. The above contents are the academic foundation for the comprehensive development of the later papers. The dissemination and development of the idea of parliamentary elections in China, the relationship between the political situation in the late Qing Dynasty and the implementation of parliamentary elections, and the historical conditions of parliamentary elections in the three northeastern provinces in the late Qing Dynasty are analyzed. Then the formulation process, contents and characteristics of the electoral law for members of the Senate and the Senate are analyzed. The three provincial council, the review of the election of members of the Senate as a focus on the following: pre-election preparations, election process and results, election experience and shortcomings, the role of social groups and individuals in the election, the characteristics of members of parliament. Beginning with the historical conditions and electoral decrees for the election of members of Parliament and provincial councils in the early years of the Republic of China, the dissemination of bourgeois revolutionary democratic ideas in the three northeastern provinces and the analysis of election decrees for members of Parliament and provincial councils were expounded. There are mainly six major issues: pre-election preparation, election process and results, the advanced nature of the early Republican elections, the problems in the elections, the political parties in the elections, and the characteristics of the members of parliament.
The purpose of this paper is to make a comprehensive and systematic study of the elections of the three provincial councils in Northeast China. The social and historical conditions, the establishment of electoral institutions, the voters'conditions, the specific operation of the electoral system and the election results of the electoral system in the three provincial councils in Northeast China during this period are investigated in detail. The main point of this paper is that the parliamentary elections in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China are in the period of social transformation. The result is the change of China's social and political structure, the political form of the whole country and the three northeastern provinces, the fission of the traditional mode to the modern political mode, and the convergence of Chinese and Western political culture. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a suitable social and political relationship, which is a political practice to meet the needs of social development at the present time. It has accumulated political experience and provided a reference for future generations.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K25
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本文編號：2175837
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