本文選題：知識青年 + 上山下鄉(xiāng)�。� 參考：《江西師范大學》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 知識青年上山下鄉(xiāng)是新中國成立后由政府組織的、牽涉面極為廣泛、社會影響極其深遠的社會活動,它涉及人數(shù)曾達1700萬人以上,是共和國史上的重要事件之一。知識青年上山下鄉(xiāng)給新中國發(fā)展造成了極為深遠的歷史影響。 知識青年上山下鄉(xiāng)是一項以解決城市就業(yè)和培養(yǎng)新式“農(nóng)民”,推動新農(nóng)村建設雙向任務并舉的一項經(jīng)濟活動。因受“文革”影響,其后期具有明顯的政治傾向性。知識青年上山下鄉(xiāng)在前后期發(fā)起的基本動因上存在一定的差異性。解決城鎮(zhèn)知青就業(yè),緩解就業(yè)壓力,支持農(nóng)村建設,培養(yǎng)社會主義新農(nóng)民,蘇聯(lián)集體農(nóng)莊的影響,是前期發(fā)起的基本動因;而后期除了受這些因素影響外,還受社會主義“再教育”,紅衛(wèi)兵運動和培養(yǎng)社會主義接班人等政治因素的影響。 知識青年上山下鄉(xiāng)對中國城鄉(xiāng)社會發(fā)展有著重要影響。作為毛澤東新農(nóng)村建設探索的重要舉措,知識青年上山下鄉(xiāng)對新農(nóng)村建設有重大推動作用。下鄉(xiāng)知青為農(nóng)村注入了新的“生產(chǎn)血液”,推動了農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展;傳播了城市文化,改善了農(nóng)民的生活習慣,促進了農(nóng)村醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生事業(yè)的發(fā)展。大規(guī)模的城市知識青年上山下鄉(xiāng)使城市失去了其自身的資源優(yōu)勢,一度出現(xiàn)”倒城市化“現(xiàn)象,阻礙了新中國城市化發(fā)展進程。 知識青年上山下鄉(xiāng)作為調整我國國民經(jīng)濟的一項應急措施,它不可能成為解決就業(yè)的長遠國策。改革舊的經(jīng)濟體制,解放和發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力是解決就業(yè)的根本途徑。知識青年上山下鄉(xiāng)對當前以“大學生村官計劃”為代表的“新上山下鄉(xiāng)”有重要的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the educated youth were organized by the government, which involved a wide range of social activities with far-reaching social impact. It involved more than 17 million people and was one of the important events in the history of the Republic. The intellectual youth went to the countryside to cause the extremely profound historical influence to the new China development. It is an economic activity for intellectual youth to go to the countryside to solve urban employment, train new "peasants" and promote the construction of new countryside. Because of the influence of the Cultural Revolution, its later period has obvious political tendency. There are some differences in the motivation of intellectual youth to go to the countryside. Solving urban educated youth employment, relieving employment pressure, supporting rural construction, training new socialist farmers, and the influence of Soviet collective farms are the basic reasons for the early stage of the initiation, but in the later period, in addition to these factors, It is also influenced by political factors such as socialist re-education, Red Guards movement and training of socialist successors. Educated youth going to the countryside has an important impact on the social development of China's urban and rural areas. As an important measure to explore the construction of the new countryside in Mao Zedong, the intellectual youth going to the countryside plays an important role in promoting the construction of the new countryside. The educated youth in the countryside have injected new "production blood" into the countryside, promoted the development of rural production, spread urban culture, improved peasants' living habits, and promoted the development of rural medical and health care. The large-scale urban intellectual youth go to the countryside to make the city lose its own resource superiority, once appeared "the inverted urbanization" phenomenon, has hindered the new China urbanization development process. As an emergency measure to adjust the national economy of our country, it is impossible for educated youth to go to the countryside to solve the long-term national policy of employment. Reforming the old economic system, liberating and developing productive forces is the fundamental way to solve employment. It is of great significance for the educated youth to go to the countryside.
【學位授予單位】：江西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K27

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