本文選題：“中體西用”思想 + 沿承　； 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：“中學(xué)為體,西學(xué)為用”思想(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“中體西用”思想)作為洋務(wù)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)期的重要思想體系和總綱,自明末清初西學(xué)東漸時(shí)期初顯端倪,歷經(jīng)鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)前后經(jīng)世派的初期探索和早期維新派的理論構(gòu)建,于洋務(wù)運(yùn)動(dòng)興起時(shí)大行其道,并直接影響了維新思想的構(gòu)建和戊戌變法的展開(kāi),經(jīng)革命派的改造逐漸產(chǎn)生道路分歧和嬗變,歷經(jīng)百余年,內(nèi)容宏富,影響深遠(yuǎn),是開(kāi)展政治思想研究的優(yōu)良載體。其思想源于中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的“體”、“用”范疇,以現(xiàn)實(shí)為立足點(diǎn),以調(diào)和中西關(guān)系,通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)西方維護(hù)“中體”為目的,在中國(guó)近代縱橫捭闔,是管窺中國(guó)近代政治思想發(fā)展歷程的一道獨(dú)特門(mén)徑,更是了解和把握中國(guó)近代政治思想沿承脈絡(luò)的一把鑰匙。 “中體西用”思想歷經(jīng)百余年沿承,根本上源于現(xiàn)實(shí)需要和傳統(tǒng)的政治思維方式之需要,其長(zhǎng)期沿承的原因從經(jīng)濟(jì)方面講,是半殖民地半封建社會(huì)形成和資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)因素日漸增加的產(chǎn)物和反映；從政治方面講,源于富國(guó)強(qiáng)兵和國(guó)內(nèi)政治體系鞏固的需要；從思想文化方面講,符合中國(guó)諸多學(xué)者及政治實(shí)踐者傳統(tǒng)的“執(zhí)兩端”觀念,形似“中庸”,實(shí)則為政治實(shí)踐提供了依據(jù),有利于向西方學(xué)習(xí)；同時(shí)中國(guó)近代政治思想和政治實(shí)踐的復(fù)雜性,以及該思想在當(dāng)時(shí)的相對(duì)先進(jìn)性,為“中體西用”思想的形成、發(fā)展與完善提供了條件,并顯現(xiàn)出現(xiàn)實(shí)性、復(fù)雜性和漸變性的特點(diǎn)。 當(dāng)前,“中體西用”思想仍有其重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義與當(dāng)代價(jià)值。無(wú)論是從中西分野的現(xiàn)實(shí)性和長(zhǎng)期性看,還是其關(guān)注社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)、有利于借鑒式吸收西方文明成果看,仍然有其灼然的價(jià)值,值得認(rèn)真思考；對(duì)中國(guó)改革來(lái)說(shuō),堅(jiān)持漸進(jìn)性原則,使政治體系的運(yùn)作與改革開(kāi)放保持中國(guó)特色,是我們始終要堅(jiān)持的一點(diǎn)；面對(duì)時(shí)代特點(diǎn)與要求,“中體西用”思想可以與現(xiàn)代中國(guó)政治發(fā)展實(shí)現(xiàn)會(huì)通；鑒于當(dāng)代中國(guó)發(fā)展的動(dòng)力機(jī)制問(wèn)題,政治思想研究須堅(jiān)持理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際,彰顯其當(dāng)代價(jià)值。中國(guó)需要政治思想研究,中國(guó)需要政治學(xué)。
[Abstract]:The thought of "middle school as the body and western learning as the use" (hereinafter referred to as the thought of "Chinese style and western use") as the important ideological system and general outline of the Westernization Movement period, since the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty, the western learning began to emerge in the early period. After the Opium War, the early exploration of the Jingshi School and the theoretical construction of the early reformist school became popular when the Westernization Movement arose, which directly influenced the construction of the reform thought and the opening of the Reform Movement of 1898. After more than a hundred years of transformation, the revolutionary school gradually produced a divergence of ways and transmutation, the content of which is rich and far-reaching, and it is an excellent carrier to carry out the research of political thought. Its thought originates from the Chinese traditional category of "body" and "use", takes the reality as its foothold, reconciles the relations between China and the West, and manipulates in modern China by learning from the West to maintain the "Chinese style". It is a unique way to explore the development of Chinese modern political thought, and a key to understand and grasp Chinese modern political thought. After more than one hundred years, the thought of "the use of the Chinese body and the west" originated from the practical needs and the needs of the traditional political thinking mode, and the reasons for its long-term development were from the economic point of view. It is the product and reflection of the formation of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society and the increasing capitalist economic factors; from the political point of view, it stems from the need to strengthen the armed forces of the rich nation and consolidate the domestic political system; and from the ideological and cultural point of view, The concept of "holding both ends", which conforms to the tradition of many Chinese scholars and political practitioners, is similar to the "mean", which in fact provides a basis for political practice and is conducive to learning from the West, and at the same time, the complexity of political thought and political practice in modern China. And the relative advanced nature of the thought at that time provided the conditions for the formation, development and perfection of the thought of "the use of the Chinese body and the West", and showed the characteristics of reality, complexity and gradual change. At present, the thought of "the use of Chinese and Western" still has its important practical significance and contemporary value. Whether viewed from the reality and long-term nature of the distinction between China and the West or its concern for social reality, it is still of great value in drawing lessons from the achievements of Western civilization and is worthy of serious consideration. For China's reform, it is necessary to adhere to the principle of gradual progress. To keep the operation of the political system and the reform and opening to the outside world with Chinese characteristics is a point we should always adhere to, facing the characteristics and requirements of the times, the thought of "using the Chinese and the West" can connect with the political development of modern China. In view of the dynamic mechanism of the development of contemporary China, the study of political thought should adhere to the combination of theory with practice and highlight its contemporary value. China needs the study of political ideology, and China needs politics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K251

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