本文選題：國家實驗室　切入點：行動者網(wǎng)絡(luò)　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：當今世界,國家的競爭力越來越依賴于原始性創(chuàng)新而產(chǎn)生顛覆性技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)化�？茖W探索對大型科學儀器設(shè)施及團隊協(xié)作的依賴越來越強,使得科學進入了大規(guī)模、高投入、跨學科的大科學時代。二戰(zhàn)以后不論在自由市場還是計劃經(jīng)濟的背景下,根據(jù)國家在軍事和經(jīng)濟上的重大需求,由國家組織建設(shè)大型科學基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,進而建構(gòu)大規(guī)模、跨學科的科學研究中心或國家實驗室,成為一種對于國家經(jīng)濟與社會均具有戰(zhàn)略意義的制度安排�！笆舜蟆币詠碇袊鴩覍嶒炇医ㄔO(shè)已經(jīng)作為創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和建設(shè)科技強國的重要“抓手”,對其展開理論與實踐的探索具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。通過對國外國家實驗室建設(shè)和發(fā)展經(jīng)驗的研究,以及中國國立研究機構(gòu)的早期發(fā)展進行梳理,運用行動者網(wǎng)絡(luò)的概念和方法對國家實驗室進行了初步探討,并對“哈長”地區(qū)國家實驗室建設(shè)的必要性和可能性進行分析。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),國家實驗室在不同的國家采取的方式盡管不盡相同,但均具有以國家目標為導向、以大科學裝置為依托、多學科、跨學科領(lǐng)域協(xié)同創(chuàng)新的共性特征。從行動者網(wǎng)絡(luò)的視角看,國家實驗室是一個由政府、大學和研究機構(gòu)、大型科學裝置、企業(yè)和社會資本以等人類與非人類行動者建構(gòu)的行動者網(wǎng)絡(luò)。在中國的政策語境下,未來中國的國家實驗室應該具有國家目標導向的跨學科原始創(chuàng)新平臺、國際化的科學研究平臺(或中心)、協(xié)同創(chuàng)新平臺、科學實驗與數(shù)據(jù)共享平臺以及人才招募和聚集平臺的功能。哈長城市群建設(shè)作為國家“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略的重要部分,要打造東北亞最具核心競爭力和重要影響力的城市群、成為東北老工業(yè)基地的重要增長極,必須依靠重大科技創(chuàng)新和戰(zhàn)略新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。政府首先要辨識到創(chuàng)辦國家實驗室?guī)淼臋C遇,循序漸進地展開國家實驗室的建設(shè);城市、高校、研究機構(gòu)展開協(xié)作,形成多學科、跨部門的科技資源共享平臺;依托區(qū)域內(nèi)大科學裝置的建造,打造國際化科研特區(qū)和生活社區(qū),最終形成以大型科學裝置為基礎(chǔ)的國家實驗室。并與區(qū)域內(nèi)其他各類科研機構(gòu)、大學、企業(yè)研發(fā)機構(gòu)等形成功能互補、良性互動的協(xié)同創(chuàng)新格局。
[Abstract]:In today's world, the competitiveness of a country is becoming more and more dependent on primitive innovation, which results in disruptive technology and its industrialization. Scientific exploration relies more and more on large-scale scientific instruments and teamwork, which makes science enter into a large scale and high investment. After World War II, under the background of free market or planned economy, according to the great military and economic needs of the country, the state organized the construction of large-scale scientific infrastructure, and then constructed a large scale. Interdisciplinary scientific research centres or national laboratories, It has become a kind of system arrangement of strategic significance for national economy and society. Since the "18" Congress, the construction of Chinese national laboratory has become an important "grasping hand" for the strategy of innovation-driven development and the construction of a powerful country in science and technology. The exploration of theory and practice is of great theoretical and practical significance. As well as the early development of Chinese national research institutions, the concept and method of actor network are used to preliminarily discuss the national laboratory. It also analyzes the necessity and possibility of the construction of national laboratories in the "Kazakh" region. The study shows that although the methods adopted by national laboratories in different countries are different, they are all guided by national objectives. The common features of collaborative innovation in a multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary field based on large scientific devices. From the perspective of a network of actors, the National Laboratory is a large scientific installation by governments, universities and research institutions, Enterprise and social capital are based on the network of actors constructed by human and non-human actors. In the context of China's policy, the future national laboratory of China should have an interdisciplinary original innovation platform oriented by national goals. The function of internationalized scientific research platform (or center), collaborative innovation platform, scientific experiment and data sharing platform and talent recruitment and agglomeration platform. To create the most core competitiveness and important influence of Northeast Asia's urban agglomeration, become an important growth pole of the old industrial base in Northeast Asia. We must rely on major scientific and technological innovations and strategic emerging industries. The government must first identify the opportunities brought about by the establishment of national laboratories and carry out the construction of national laboratories step by step; cities, colleges and universities, and research institutions should collaborate to form a multi-disciplinary system. A platform for sharing scientific and technological resources across departments; building international scientific research zones and living communities, relying on the construction of large scientific facilities in the region; and finally forming a national laboratory based on large scientific devices, and with other kinds of scientific research institutions in the region, Universities, enterprises, R & D institutions and other forms of complementary functions, benign interaction of collaborative innovation pattern.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G322.2

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