情緒工作記憶對視覺搜索中注意導向的作用
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-13 01:38
【摘要】：工作記憶與視覺注意之間具有非常緊密的聯(lián)系。視覺工作記憶與注意共享某些特征時,視覺工作記憶內(nèi)容會引導注意定向。從最初的研究開始,工作記憶對注意的影響就有很大的爭議。一方面,與Downing在2000年的研究一致,Soto, Heinke, Humphreys在2005年的研究表明保存在工作記憶中的特征或目標可以以快速自動化的方式引導視覺注意。另一方面,Woodman和Luck通過“記憶—搜索”雙任務范式證明工作記憶并不是自動化的捕獲注意,而是當被試知道與工作記憶內(nèi)容匹配的項目不可能是搜索目標時,工作記憶的內(nèi)容可以以一種策略性的方式引導更為有效地搜索。情緒的負性偏向效應指機體對令人不愉快的,尤其是具有威脅性的刺激表現(xiàn)出心理加工和行為反應上的優(yōu)先效應。 研究采用Woodman的“記憶—搜索”雙任務范式,將正性或者負性情緒作為工作記憶的內(nèi)容,視覺搜索序列中有可能出現(xiàn)工作記憶匹配項,也有可能不出現(xiàn),搜索任務與工作記憶任務無關(guān),對比不同條件下搜索任務的反應時來判斷情緒工作記憶對注意的導向作用。 實驗1從中國化面孔情緒圖片系統(tǒng)選取的情緒面孔作為實驗材料,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)有干擾條件下的反應時顯著大于無干擾條件,也就是出現(xiàn)了情緒工作記憶內(nèi)容對視覺注意自動捕獲效應,支持當記憶匹配項作為干擾刺激時,依然會對視覺注意產(chǎn)生導向作用這一結(jié)論。但是沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)情緒的主效應。 實驗2將圖示面孔作為實驗材料,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)依然出現(xiàn)了工作記憶內(nèi)容作為干擾刺激對視覺注意的自動捕獲效應,與實驗1一致。不過還發(fā)現(xiàn)自動捕獲效應只出現(xiàn)在了負性條件下。 實驗3為了控制情緒沖突這一額外變量,增加了無干擾有沖突條件,依然采用圖示面孔作為實驗材料,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),工作記憶中的負性情緒與搜索項目匹配時,會干擾搜索任務,但是在正性條件下卻完全沒有影響。 實驗4從NimStim Set of Facial Expressions選取情緒面孔作為實驗材料來控制真實面孔的細節(jié)影響依然得到了比較一致的結(jié)果：僅在負性條件下,保持在工作記憶中的情緒內(nèi)容會在視覺搜索中自動捕獲注意,而當正性情緒工作記憶內(nèi)容作為干擾刺激時,沒有出現(xiàn)對視覺注意的導向作用。 綜合以上4個實驗,我們可以得出結(jié)論：當負性情緒工作記憶內(nèi)容作為干擾刺激出現(xiàn)在搜索序列中時,被試的注意會被記憶匹配項所捕獲,而當正性情緒工作記憶內(nèi)容作為干擾刺激時,沒有出現(xiàn)對視覺注意的導向作用。
[Abstract]:There is a very close relationship between working memory and visual attention. When visual working memory and attention share some characteristics, visual working memory content will guide attention orientation. The effect of working memory on attention has been controversial since the beginning of the study. On the one hand, in line with Downing's study in 2000, Soto, Heinke, Humphreys's 2005 study showed that features or goals stored in working memory can guide visual attention in a fast, automated manner. On the other hand, Woodman and Luck demonstrated through the memory-search two-task paradigm that working memory is not an automatic capture of attention, but when participants know that the item that matches the content of working memory cannot be a search target. Working memory content can lead to a more efficient search in a strategic way. The negative bias effect of emotion refers to the preemptive effect of psychological processing and behavioral response to unpleasant, especially threatening, stimuli. Using Woodman's "memory-search" two-task paradigm, positive or negative emotions are taken as the contents of working memory. It is possible that there may or may not be a working memory match in the visual search sequence. The search task was independent of the working memory task, and the response time of the search task under different conditions was compared to judge the guiding effect of emotional working memory on attention. In experiment 1, the emotional faces selected from the Chinese face image system were used as the experimental materials. The results showed that the response time under the interference condition was significantly greater than that under the non-interference condition. That is to say, there is an automatic capture effect of emotional working memory on visual attention, which supports the conclusion that when memory matches are used as interference stimuli, they still have a guiding effect on visual attention. But no major emotional effects were found. In experiment 2, the graphical face was used as the experimental material, and it was found that the automatic capture effect of working memory as an interference stimulus to visual attention was still present, which was consistent with experiment 1. However, it is also found that the automatic capture effect only occurs under negative conditions. In experiment 3, in order to control the extra variable of emotional conflict and to increase the condition of non-interference and conflict, we still used the graphic face as the experimental material. The results showed that the negative emotion in working memory would interfere with the search task when the negative emotion in working memory matched with the search item. But under the positive condition, it has no effect at all. In experiment 4, the detailed effects of emotional faces selected from NimStim Set of Facial Expressions as experimental materials to control real faces were still consistent: only under negative conditions, The emotional content kept in working memory will automatically capture attention in visual search, but when positive emotional working memory content is used as interference stimulus, there is no guiding effect on visual attention. Combined with the above four experiments, we can conclude that when the negative emotion working memory content appears in the search sequence as an interference stimulus, the attention of the subjects will be captured by the memory match. However, when positive emotion working memory content is used as disturbance stimulus, it has no guiding effect on visual attention.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842
本文編號：2375630
[Abstract]:There is a very close relationship between working memory and visual attention. When visual working memory and attention share some characteristics, visual working memory content will guide attention orientation. The effect of working memory on attention has been controversial since the beginning of the study. On the one hand, in line with Downing's study in 2000, Soto, Heinke, Humphreys's 2005 study showed that features or goals stored in working memory can guide visual attention in a fast, automated manner. On the other hand, Woodman and Luck demonstrated through the memory-search two-task paradigm that working memory is not an automatic capture of attention, but when participants know that the item that matches the content of working memory cannot be a search target. Working memory content can lead to a more efficient search in a strategic way. The negative bias effect of emotion refers to the preemptive effect of psychological processing and behavioral response to unpleasant, especially threatening, stimuli. Using Woodman's "memory-search" two-task paradigm, positive or negative emotions are taken as the contents of working memory. It is possible that there may or may not be a working memory match in the visual search sequence. The search task was independent of the working memory task, and the response time of the search task under different conditions was compared to judge the guiding effect of emotional working memory on attention. In experiment 1, the emotional faces selected from the Chinese face image system were used as the experimental materials. The results showed that the response time under the interference condition was significantly greater than that under the non-interference condition. That is to say, there is an automatic capture effect of emotional working memory on visual attention, which supports the conclusion that when memory matches are used as interference stimuli, they still have a guiding effect on visual attention. But no major emotional effects were found. In experiment 2, the graphical face was used as the experimental material, and it was found that the automatic capture effect of working memory as an interference stimulus to visual attention was still present, which was consistent with experiment 1. However, it is also found that the automatic capture effect only occurs under negative conditions. In experiment 3, in order to control the extra variable of emotional conflict and to increase the condition of non-interference and conflict, we still used the graphic face as the experimental material. The results showed that the negative emotion in working memory would interfere with the search task when the negative emotion in working memory matched with the search item. But under the positive condition, it has no effect at all. In experiment 4, the detailed effects of emotional faces selected from NimStim Set of Facial Expressions as experimental materials to control real faces were still consistent: only under negative conditions, The emotional content kept in working memory will automatically capture attention in visual search, but when positive emotional working memory content is used as interference stimulus, there is no guiding effect on visual attention. Combined with the above four experiments, we can conclude that when the negative emotion working memory content appears in the search sequence as an interference stimulus, the attention of the subjects will be captured by the memory match. However, when positive emotion working memory content is used as disturbance stimulus, it has no guiding effect on visual attention.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842
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