發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-28 11:43

【摘要】：現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中我們所經(jīng)歷的事件大多是以情景記憶的形式進(jìn)行保存的。聯(lián)結(jié)記憶是在情景記憶范疇下,除項(xiàng)目記憶之外研究者們關(guān)注的另一個(gè)重點(diǎn)。雙加工模型認(rèn)為,再認(rèn)由兩種在神經(jīng)上和功能上相分離的熟悉性和回想兩種加工過(guò)程所支持。研究者們普遍認(rèn)為,對(duì)單個(gè)項(xiàng)目的再認(rèn)可以同時(shí)被熟悉性和回想支持,但在聯(lián)結(jié)再認(rèn)任務(wù)中,對(duì)新異情景聯(lián)系的提取必須有回想加工的參與,因而聯(lián)結(jié)記憶并不能通過(guò)熟悉性的加工過(guò)程而獲取(Hockley et al.,1999;Yonelinas,1997)。Yonelinas(2002)提出的一體化假說(shuō)(unitization hypothesis)為回想支持聯(lián)結(jié)記憶的加工過(guò)程提供了可能性。采取聯(lián)結(jié)再認(rèn)三鍵范式的ERPs研究大都在可一體化程度較高材料的提取階段發(fā)現(xiàn)了指向熟悉性的FN400效應(yīng),支持了一體化假說(shuō)。但先前研究較少考察喚醒項(xiàng)目對(duì)可一體化程度不同材料聯(lián)結(jié)記憶的影響,情緒是否會(huì)造成不同信息之間聯(lián)結(jié)的差異這一點(diǎn)很值得研究。此外,先前研究均涉及對(duì)項(xiàng)目對(duì)的有意編碼任務(wù),鮮有研究關(guān)注對(duì)可一體化程度較高材料聯(lián)結(jié)關(guān)系的無(wú)意編碼能否支持一體化假說(shuō)。基于前人研究,本研究使用聯(lián)結(jié)再認(rèn)的三鍵判斷范式,共包括兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),共同探討情緒喚醒與無(wú)意編碼方式對(duì)項(xiàng)目間聯(lián)結(jié)再認(rèn)的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)1采用2(語(yǔ)義相關(guān)性:相關(guān),不相關(guān))×3(反應(yīng)類(lèi)型:原配,重組,新)的被試內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),對(duì)有意編碼條件下個(gè)體對(duì)中性-消極客體圖片對(duì)的項(xiàng)目間聯(lián)結(jié)記憶進(jìn)行了研究。實(shí)驗(yàn)2在實(shí)驗(yàn)1和前人研究的基礎(chǔ)之上采用ERPs技術(shù)考察了無(wú)意編碼方式下情緒喚醒對(duì)項(xiàng)目間聯(lián)結(jié)再認(rèn)的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)為2(情緒喚醒:中性組,喚醒組)×2(語(yǔ)義相關(guān)性:相關(guān),不相關(guān))×3(反應(yīng)類(lèi)型:原配,重組,新)的混合實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),情緒喚醒為被試間變量。其中,喚醒組被試的編碼材料與實(shí)驗(yàn)1中相同,均為中性-消極圖片對(duì);中性組被試編碼的材料則與前人研究材料相似(中性-中性圖片對(duì)),兩組被試均對(duì)刺激材料進(jìn)行數(shù)量判斷任務(wù),并不主動(dòng)記憶聯(lián)結(jié)。因變量為項(xiàng)目間聯(lián)結(jié)再認(rèn)的正確率、正確反應(yīng)的反應(yīng)時(shí)、錯(cuò)誤反應(yīng)的類(lèi)型以及聯(lián)結(jié)記憶研究中涉及到的兩種ERP“新舊”效應(yīng)的指標(biāo),即反映熟悉性的FN400和反映回想的LPC。本研究得出如下結(jié)論:(1)無(wú)意編碼條件下,情緒喚醒會(huì)削弱語(yǔ)義不相關(guān)材料的聯(lián)結(jié)再認(rèn);(2)材料的語(yǔ)義相關(guān)性會(huì)促進(jìn)一體化表征的形成,提高聯(lián)結(jié)再認(rèn)成績(jī);(3)ERP結(jié)果表明,熟悉性和回想共同影響著中性語(yǔ)義相關(guān)材料的聯(lián)結(jié)再認(rèn);(4)學(xué)習(xí)階段材料本身的語(yǔ)義相關(guān)性對(duì)項(xiàng)目間聯(lián)結(jié)再認(rèn)有重要影響。
[Abstract]:In real life, most of the events we experience are preserved in the form of situational memory. In the context of situational memory, connective memory is another focus of attention in addition to item memory. According to the dual processing model, recognition is supported by two processes, familiarity and recall, which are neurologically and functionally separated. Researchers generally agree that recognition of a single project can be supported by familiarity and recall, but recall processing must be involved in the extraction of new and unusual scenario connections in the associative recognition task. Therefore, associative memory cannot obtain (Hockley et al.,1999; through the familiar processing process. The integration hypothesis (unitization hypothesis) proposed by Yonelinas,1997). Yonelinas (2002 provides the possibility for recall to support the processing of associative memory. Most of the ERPs studies using the associative recognition triple bond paradigm have found the FN400 effect pointing to familiarity in the extraction stage of materials with higher degree of integration, which supports the integration hypothesis. However, previous studies have done little to investigate the effects of arousal items on connective memory with different levels of integration, and it is worth studying whether emotion leads to differences in connection between different information. In addition, previous studies have focused on the intentional coding of item pairs, and few studies have focused on whether unintentional coding in relation to highly integrated materials supports the integration hypothesis. Based on previous studies, this study uses the three-key judgment paradigm of association recognition, including two experiments, to explore the effects of emotional arousal and unintentional coding on inter-item association recognition. Experiment 1 was designed by using 2 (semantic correlation: correlation, irrelevant) 脳 3 (response type: original, recombinant, new). In this paper, we study the interitem associative memory of neutral-negative object image pairs under intentional coding. In experiment 2, based on experiment 1 and previous studies, the effects of emotional arousal on inter-item association recognition under unintentional coding were investigated by using ERPs technique. The experiment was designed as a mixed experiment of 2 (emotional arousal: neutral group, arousal group) 脳 2 (semantic correlation: correlation, irrelevant) 脳 3 (response type: original, recombination, new), and emotional arousal was used as a variable between subjects. The coding materials of the arousal group were the same as those in experiment 1, which were both neutral and negative picture pairs. The materials encoded in neutral group were similar to those in previous studies (neutral picture pair). The dependent variables are the correct rate of inter-item association recognition, the response time of correct reaction, the type of error reaction and the two indexes of "old and new" effect of ERP involved in the study of associative memory, that is, FN400 reflecting familiarity and LPC. reflecting recall. The conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) emotional arousal weakens the recognition of semantic irrelevant materials under unintentional coding conditions; (2) semantic correlation of materials promotes the formation of integrated representation and improves the performance of association recognition; (3) ERP results show that familiarity and recall affect the association recognition of neutral semantic related materials, and (4) the semantic correlation of learning materials has an important effect on the inter-item association recognition.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B842

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本文編號(hào)：2362734