【摘要】：關于人們對同性戀的態(tài)度研究,以往大多關注對其的外顯態(tài)度,主要以調查或者訪談等方式進行測量,并較為一致地發(fā)現(xiàn),人們對同性戀持寬容和接納的態(tài)度。近些年,越來越多的研究者開始關注對同性戀的內隱態(tài)度。這些研究多采用內隱測量的范式,但所得結果與外顯態(tài)度方面存在著明顯差異,即大學生對同性戀的內隱態(tài)度是消極的,表現(xiàn)出同性戀內隱與外顯態(tài)度的分離現(xiàn)象。然而這些研究僅限于行為層面,缺乏對其內在神經(jīng)機制的探討。那么與外顯態(tài)度明顯不同的內隱態(tài)度是如何形成的呢?是否存在著與其對應的特定的生理神經(jīng)機制呢?同時,以往研究曾表明,通過行為改變技術可在一定程度上改變內隱態(tài)度,那么消極的同性戀內隱態(tài)度是否也可能發(fā)生改變呢,與其對應的生理神經(jīng)機制是否也會受到行為改變技術的影響呢?為了探討這些問題,本研究試圖采用事件相關電位(ERP)技術,以大學生為被試,通過內隱測驗范式探究大學生對同性戀的內隱態(tài)度及其對應的神經(jīng)生理機制,同時通過態(tài)度改變技術,探究內隱同性戀態(tài)度是否會發(fā)生改變,以及對應的神經(jīng)機制的變化。本研究包括三個實驗： 實驗一為量表并結合行為實驗,以《大學生對同性戀的態(tài)度量表》測量大學生的外顯態(tài)度,以內隱測量程序(WIAT)測量大學生的內隱態(tài)度。結果表明,大學生對同性戀的外顯態(tài)度為寬容、接納,而內隱態(tài)度則表現(xiàn)為消極,同時內隱和外顯態(tài)度不存在相關,表現(xiàn)出分離現(xiàn)象。 實驗二通過ERP測量了大學生在完成內隱測驗時腦神經(jīng)活動。結果表明,相容組(同性戀詞匯與消極詞匯聯(lián)合歸類反應)和不相容組(同性戀詞匯與積極詞匯聯(lián)合歸類反應)目標詞誘發(fā)的N400和LPP表現(xiàn)著顯著的差異,與不相容組任務相比,相容組誘發(fā)的ERP波幅更加正走向。 實驗三進一步通過評價性條件反射技術探究大學生內隱同性戀態(tài)度改變的神經(jīng)機制。結果發(fā)現(xiàn),干預組在前測中表現(xiàn)出明顯的內隱同性戀消極態(tài)度,但在態(tài)度改變干預處理后,這種消極態(tài)度的行為指示(IAT)消失。同時在ERP結果上,前測中發(fā)現(xiàn)與內隱同性戀消極態(tài)度關聯(lián)的明顯的N400和LPP效應,這種效應在態(tài)度改變干預處理后的后測中消失。 綜合這些實驗結果,可見當前大學生對同性戀的外顯和內隱態(tài)度確實存在著分離的現(xiàn)象,消極的內隱同性戀態(tài)度有其特有的神經(jīng)生理表現(xiàn),N400和LPP效應所代表的不同任務刺激材料的語義一致性和情感一致性差異是內隱態(tài)度及其改變的生理基礎。
[Abstract]:Regarding people's attitude towards homosexuality, most of them paid attention to explicit attitude towards homosexuality in the past, mainly measured by means of investigation or interview, and found that people hold tolerant and receptive attitude towards homosexuality. In recent years, more and more researchers begin to pay attention to the implicit attitude towards homosexuality. Most of these studies use implicit measurement paradigm, but there are significant differences between the results and explicit attitude, that is, the implicit attitude of college students towards homosexuality is negative, showing the phenomenon of homosexual implicit attitude and explicit attitude. However, these studies are limited to behavioral level and lack of understanding of its intrinsic neural mechanism. So how does the implicit attitude, which is obviously different from the explicit attitude, come into being? Is there a specific physiological neural mechanism that corresponds to it? At the same time, previous studies have shown that behavior change techniques can change implicit attitudes to a certain extent, so is it possible to change negative homosexual implicit attitudes? Is the corresponding physiological neural mechanism also affected by behavioral change techniques? In order to explore these problems, this study attempts to explore the implicit attitude towards homosexuality and the corresponding neurophysiological mechanism of college students by using event-related potential (ERP) technology and college students as subjects. At the same time, attitude change technology is used to explore whether the implicit homosexual attitude will change and the corresponding neural mechanism. The present study consists of three experiments: experiment 1 was used to measure the explicit attitude of college students with the questionnaire of college students' attitudes towards homosexuality and the implicit measurement program (WIAT) was used to measure the implicit attitudes of college students. The results show that the explicit attitude of college students towards homosexuality is tolerance and acceptance, while implicit attitude is negative, and there is no correlation between implicit attitude and explicit attitude, showing the phenomenon of separation. In experiment 2, the brain nerve activity of college students was measured by ERP. The results showed that there were significant differences in N400 and LPP induced by the target words of compatible group (homosexual vocabulary and negative lexical co-categorization reaction) and incompatible group (homosexual vocabulary and positive lexical co-categorization reaction), compared with the incompatible group task. The amplitude of ERP induced by compatible group is more positive. Experiment 3 further explored the neural mechanism of the change of implicit homosexual attitude of college students by evaluating conditioned reflex technique. The results showed that the intervention group showed a significant implicit homosexual negative attitude in the pre-test, but after attitude change intervention, the behavior of this negative attitude indicated that (IAT) disappeared. At the same time, on ERP results, the N400 and LPP effects associated with implicit homosexuality negative attitudes were found in the pretest, which disappeared in the post-test after attitude change intervention. Combined with these experimental results, it can be seen that the explicit and implicit attitudes of college students towards homosexuality are indeed separated, and negative implicit homosexual attitudes have their own neurophysiological manifestations. The differences in semantic and emotional consistency of different task stimuli represented by N400 and LPP effects are the physiological basis of implicit attitudes and their changes.
【學位授予單位】：福建師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B848.3

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