孤獨(dú)感個體對社交拒絕性信息的注意偏向
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-10 12:58
【摘要】：孤獨(dú)感是由于個體期待與實際獲得的社交關(guān)系之間的差異所引起的不良體驗,它普遍存在于現(xiàn)代人群中,并且影響個體的心理健康。孤獨(dú)感與社會認(rèn)知聯(lián)系緊密,國外在社會認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域?qū)陋?dú)感個體的情緒、信息加上策略及注意機(jī)制等進(jìn)行了討論,但已有的研究在其注意加工機(jī)制上還存在爭議。注意偏向是指個體對環(huán)境中某些特定的刺激所產(chǎn)生的選擇性的注意,有研究者認(rèn)為孤獨(dú)感個體在區(qū)分情緒性面孔的成績上沒有顯著差異,對情緒性刺激不產(chǎn)生注意偏向,也有研究者指出,孤獨(dú)感個體在注視負(fù)性社交圖片時會激活與視覺相關(guān)的皮層,但對其注意偏向的具體成分并未做進(jìn)一步區(qū)分。本研究從社會認(rèn)知角度入手,主要關(guān)注孤獨(dú)感個體是否對社交拒絕性刺激產(chǎn)生注意偏向,并試圖區(qū)分其注意偏向的具體成分,為孤獨(dú)感的研究提供啟發(fā)與建議。本研究重點(diǎn)討論以下兩個問題：一是孤獨(dú)感被試與控制組被試是否對社交評價性信息(拒絕性或接納性面孔)存在不同的注意偏向?二是如果兩組被試對社交評價信息分別表現(xiàn)出不同的注意偏向,那么其具體的機(jī)制是什么?能否進(jìn)一步區(qū)分其具體成分?研究嘗試采用兩個遞進(jìn)的實驗范式來考察不同組別的被試會否對拒絕性或接納性信息產(chǎn)生注意偏向。研究采用情緒性表情圖片來表征社會評價刺激,實驗一主要通過情緒Stroop范式,初步考察不同組別被試對社交情緒性刺激的注意偏向差異,結(jié)果顯示,孤獨(dú)感水平與情緒面孔的交互作用顯著。具體而言,高孤獨(dú)感個體對社交拒絕性刺激存在顯著的注意偏向,而控制組對接納性信息有顯著的注意偏向。實驗二主要通過添加中性圖片對的點(diǎn)探測范式來討論不同孤獨(dú)感個體的注意偏向差異,通過判斷探測點(diǎn)與情緒面孔是否一致以及該實驗同中性情緒面孔實驗之間的反應(yīng)時差異,以討論兩組被試注意偏向的成分。具體而言,當(dāng)一致性實驗的反應(yīng)時小于中性實驗反應(yīng)時,其注意成分可能為注意警覺,而不一致實驗反應(yīng)時大于中性實驗,可考慮存在的注意脫離困難成分。實驗二的結(jié)果再一次驗證了情緒Stroop的結(jié)果,同時還進(jìn)一步區(qū)分出注意偏向的不同成分。孤獨(dú)感被試對社交拒絕性信息的注意偏向得分顯著高于控制組,說明孤獨(dú)感被試對社交拒絕性刺激有顯著的注意偏向,其成分主要為注意脫離困難。控制組被試在社交接納性信息的注意偏向得分上顯著高于孤獨(dú)感被試組,控制組被試對接納性信息有顯著注意偏向,其具體成分是注意脫離困難。本研究通過不同的實驗范式驗證了孤獨(dú)感個體對社交拒絕性刺激存在注意偏向,并且當(dāng)孤獨(dú)感個體將注意力集中于社交拒絕刺激時很難從該類刺激轉(zhuǎn)移,出現(xiàn)了注意脫離困難現(xiàn)象。研究結(jié)果可以為孤獨(dú)感個體的注意力訓(xùn)練提供實證依據(jù),同時也可以為高校心理健康教育提供一定的建議。
[Abstract]:Loneliness is a bad experience caused by the difference between individual expectation and actual social relationship. It exists in modern people and affects the individual's mental health. Loneliness is closely related to social cognition. In the field of social cognition, the emotion, information plus strategy and attention mechanism of individual loneliness are discussed in foreign countries. Attention bias refers to the selective attention of individuals to certain specific stimuli in the environment. Some researchers believe that there is no significant difference in the performance of individuals in distinguishing emotional faces, and that there is no attention bias towards emotional stimuli. Some researchers also point out that lonely individuals activate the visual cortex when looking at negative social images, but do not make any further distinction between the specific components of their attention bias. From the perspective of social cognition, this study focuses on whether the individual of loneliness produces attention bias to the social rejection stimulus, and tries to distinguish the specific components of the attention bias, and provides inspiration and advice for the study of loneliness. This study focuses on the following two questions: first, do the autistic subjects and the control group have different attention bias to social evaluative information (rejection or receptive faces)? Second, if the two groups of subjects show different attention bias to the social evaluation information, then what is the specific mechanism? Can the specific components be further distinguished? The study attempts to use two progressive experimental paradigms to determine whether participants in different groups tend to have attentional bias towards rejection or acceptance information. The study uses emotive expression pictures to represent social evaluation stimuli. Experiment 1, by using emotional Stroop paradigm, preliminarily investigates the differences in attention bias of different groups of subjects to social emotional stimuli, and the results show that, The interaction between loneliness level and emotional faces was significant. In particular, the individuals with high loneliness had significant attention bias to social rejection stimuli, while the control group had significant attention bias to receptive information. In experiment two, the difference of attention bias of individuals with different loneliness was discussed by adding the point detection paradigm of neutral image pair, and the difference of reaction time between the detection point and the emotional face and the reaction time between the experiment and the neutral emotional face experiment was determined by determining whether the detection point was consistent with the emotional face. To discuss the components of attention bias in both groups. In particular, when the reaction time of consistency experiment is smaller than that of neutral experiment, the attention component may be attention alert, but the reaction time of inconsistent experiment is larger than that of neutral experiment. The results of experiment two confirmed the results of emotional Stroop once again, and further distinguished the different components of attention bias. The score of attention bias to social rejection information of autistic subjects was significantly higher than that of control group, which indicated that lonely subjects had significant attention bias to social rejection stimuli, and the main component was difficulty of attention separation. The score of attention bias of the control group was significantly higher than that of the autistic group. The control group had a significant attention bias to the acceptance information, and the specific component of the control group was to get rid of the difficulty of attention. In this study, different experimental paradigms were used to verify that lonely individuals had an attentional bias towards social rejection stimuli, and it was difficult to shift their attention from social rejection stimuli when individuals focused their attention on social rejection stimuli. There is a phenomenon of attention getting out of difficulty. The results can provide empirical evidence for the attention training of lonely individuals as well as some suggestions for the mental health education in colleges and universities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：B842
本文編號：2261858
[Abstract]:Loneliness is a bad experience caused by the difference between individual expectation and actual social relationship. It exists in modern people and affects the individual's mental health. Loneliness is closely related to social cognition. In the field of social cognition, the emotion, information plus strategy and attention mechanism of individual loneliness are discussed in foreign countries. Attention bias refers to the selective attention of individuals to certain specific stimuli in the environment. Some researchers believe that there is no significant difference in the performance of individuals in distinguishing emotional faces, and that there is no attention bias towards emotional stimuli. Some researchers also point out that lonely individuals activate the visual cortex when looking at negative social images, but do not make any further distinction between the specific components of their attention bias. From the perspective of social cognition, this study focuses on whether the individual of loneliness produces attention bias to the social rejection stimulus, and tries to distinguish the specific components of the attention bias, and provides inspiration and advice for the study of loneliness. This study focuses on the following two questions: first, do the autistic subjects and the control group have different attention bias to social evaluative information (rejection or receptive faces)? Second, if the two groups of subjects show different attention bias to the social evaluation information, then what is the specific mechanism? Can the specific components be further distinguished? The study attempts to use two progressive experimental paradigms to determine whether participants in different groups tend to have attentional bias towards rejection or acceptance information. The study uses emotive expression pictures to represent social evaluation stimuli. Experiment 1, by using emotional Stroop paradigm, preliminarily investigates the differences in attention bias of different groups of subjects to social emotional stimuli, and the results show that, The interaction between loneliness level and emotional faces was significant. In particular, the individuals with high loneliness had significant attention bias to social rejection stimuli, while the control group had significant attention bias to receptive information. In experiment two, the difference of attention bias of individuals with different loneliness was discussed by adding the point detection paradigm of neutral image pair, and the difference of reaction time between the detection point and the emotional face and the reaction time between the experiment and the neutral emotional face experiment was determined by determining whether the detection point was consistent with the emotional face. To discuss the components of attention bias in both groups. In particular, when the reaction time of consistency experiment is smaller than that of neutral experiment, the attention component may be attention alert, but the reaction time of inconsistent experiment is larger than that of neutral experiment. The results of experiment two confirmed the results of emotional Stroop once again, and further distinguished the different components of attention bias. The score of attention bias to social rejection information of autistic subjects was significantly higher than that of control group, which indicated that lonely subjects had significant attention bias to social rejection stimuli, and the main component was difficulty of attention separation. The score of attention bias of the control group was significantly higher than that of the autistic group. The control group had a significant attention bias to the acceptance information, and the specific component of the control group was to get rid of the difficulty of attention. In this study, different experimental paradigms were used to verify that lonely individuals had an attentional bias towards social rejection stimuli, and it was difficult to shift their attention from social rejection stimuli when individuals focused their attention on social rejection stimuli. There is a phenomenon of attention getting out of difficulty. The results can provide empirical evidence for the attention training of lonely individuals as well as some suggestions for the mental health education in colleges and universities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：B842
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條
1 梁曉燕;黃燕;魏嵐;;宿舍親密度和適應(yīng)性與大學(xué)生孤獨(dú)感的關(guān)系研究[J];教育理論與實踐;2006年22期
2 李昱霏;王繼玉;;近十年來我國兒童孤獨(dú)感的研究現(xiàn)狀與展望[J];社會心理科學(xué);2010年03期
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條
1 劉璐璐;孤獨(dú)癥行為與認(rèn)知的對照研究[D];中南大學(xué);2011年
2 李藝敏;河南省大學(xué)生孤獨(dú)感結(jié)構(gòu)研究[D];河南大學(xué);2004年
，本文編號：2261858
本文鏈接：http://www.sikaile.net/shekelunwen/xinlixingwei/2261858.html
最近更新
教材專著
