【摘要】：面孔作為一種非語言信息,在人際交往中具有非常重要的作用。人們可以通過面孔獲得很多信息,例如身份、性別、種族、地位等等。面孔識別作為人們社會生活中一項重要的功能,不僅具有生存意義上的生物適應(yīng)價值,并且具有生活意義上的社會交往功能。而我們身邊也存在這種現(xiàn)象,對于自己國家的同學(xué)總是見幾面就認(rèn)識了,而對于一些西方留學(xué)生似乎總是很難記住,這就是所謂的異族效應(yīng)。異族效應(yīng)作為面孔識別領(lǐng)域中的一個特殊現(xiàn)象,指的是人們識別與再認(rèn)本族面孔的成績顯著好于外族面孔,它越來越多的受到研究者的普遍關(guān)注。 現(xiàn)代社會全球化日益發(fā)展,國家之間交流頻繁,與其他種族的人們打交道已經(jīng)不足為奇。人們基本能夠用平常心去對待外族人,但也存在著極端的盲目崇拜和種族歧視。那么這種態(tài)度會不會影響到人們對異族面孔的識別呢?人們的生活、工作中不免與外族人產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系,這就涉及到社會分類。如果綜合考慮社會分類和社會態(tài)度,又會產(chǎn)生怎樣的結(jié)果?本研究以大學(xué)生為對象,針對這些問題展開研究,共包括三個部分： 研究一通過內(nèi)隱聯(lián)想測驗考察被試的對于異族的內(nèi)隱社會態(tài)度,并通過實驗驗證內(nèi)隱社會態(tài)度對面孔識別異族效應(yīng)是否有影響,考察異族效應(yīng)的社會態(tài)度理論。 研究二通過問卷測量被試對于異族的外顯社會態(tài)度,并通過實驗驗證外顯社會態(tài)度對于面孔識別異族效應(yīng)是否存在影響,進一步考察異族效應(yīng)的社會態(tài)度理論。 研究三通過劃分組內(nèi)、組外考察社會分類對于面孔識別異族效應(yīng)的影響,并驗證其與社會態(tài)度共同對異族效應(yīng)的作用。 綜合三個研究,本文得出的結(jié)論如下： (1)內(nèi)隱社會態(tài)度與面孔識別的異族效應(yīng)呈弱相關(guān),說明個體對異族的內(nèi)隱社會態(tài)度會影響對異族面孔的識別。 (2)外顯社會態(tài)度與面孔識別的異族效應(yīng)不存在相關(guān),內(nèi)隱和外顯態(tài)度存在分離。 (3)當(dāng)綜合考慮社會分類、社會態(tài)度對異族效應(yīng)的影響時,內(nèi)隱、外顯態(tài)度均不起作用,社會分類對異族效應(yīng)影響顯著。 (4)三個研究都證明了面孔識別的異族效應(yīng)是一個穩(wěn)定的現(xiàn)象。社會態(tài)度理論、社會分類理論可以在一定程度上解釋異族效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:As a kind of non-verbal information, face plays a very important role in interpersonal communication. People can get a lot of information from faces, such as identity, gender, race, status and so on. As an important function in people's social life, face recognition not only has the biological adaptation value in the sense of existence, but also has the function of social communication in the sense of life. And we also have this phenomenon, for their students in their own countries always know a few sides, and for some Western students always seem to be difficult to remember, this is the so-called alien effect. As a special phenomenon in the field of face recognition, the effect of heterogeneity refers to the fact that the recognition and recognition of the faces of their own people is significantly better than that of the faces of other nationalities, and it has attracted more and more attention from researchers. With the globalization of modern society and the frequent communication between countries, it is no wonder that people of other races are being interacted with. People can treat the Gentiles with common sense, but there are also extreme blind worship and racial discrimination. So will this attitude affect people's recognition of foreign faces? People's lives and work inevitably develop ties with the Gentiles, which involves social classification. What would be the outcome if social classifications and attitudes were taken into account? This study focuses on college students and studies these questions, including three parts: one is to investigate the implicit social attitudes of the subjects to the foreign race through implicit association test. Through the experiment to verify whether the implicit social attitude has the influence on the face recognition alien effect, and to investigate the social attitude theory of the alien effect. The second study measured the explicit social attitude of the subjects to the alien by questionnaire, and verified whether the explicit social attitude had an influence on the face recognition effect through the experiment, and further investigated the social attitude theory of the alien effect. In the third study, the influence of social classification on face recognition was investigated by dividing the group into groups, and the effect of social attitude on the alien effect was verified. Synthesizing three studies, the conclusions are as follows: (1) the implicit social attitude is weakly related to the alien effect of face recognition, which indicates that the individual's implicit social attitude towards the alien will influence the recognition of the alien face. (2) there is no correlation between explicit social attitude and alien effect of face recognition, but there is separation between implicit and explicit attitude. (3) when considering the social classification, the implicit and explicit attitudes have no effect on the alien effect, and the social classification has a significant effect on the alien effect. (4) three studies have proved that the heterogeneous effect of face recognition is a stable phenomenon. The social attitude theory and the social classification theory can explain the alien effect to some extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842

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