【摘要】：心理性應(yīng)激是個(gè)體的內(nèi)穩(wěn)態(tài)受到社會心理威脅時(shí)候的狀態(tài)。如果應(yīng)激源持續(xù)過強(qiáng)地作用于人體,則可引起持續(xù)且嚴(yán)重的生理活動紊亂,最終引發(fā)心身疾病。隨著對心理性應(yīng)激研究的深入,研究者們逐漸意識到應(yīng)激反應(yīng)的非特異性中也存在著特異性,即相同的心理性應(yīng)激源作用于不同的個(gè)體時(shí),應(yīng)激的反應(yīng)程度可能存在著重要的差異,這種差異可能與人格特質(zhì)和自我構(gòu)念等因素有關(guān)。除此之外,以往研究發(fā)現(xiàn),不同文化的個(gè)體在面對心理性應(yīng)激時(shí),采用與自己本身文化相一致的策略能更有效的緩沖應(yīng)激。但很少有研究從自我構(gòu)念入手,討論心理性應(yīng)激的個(gè)體差異,以及更有效的緩沖策略。實(shí)驗(yàn)一通過問卷測量了302名(295名有效)中國大學(xué)生的自我構(gòu)念得分以及日常應(yīng)激水平,來考察個(gè)體自我構(gòu)念與日常應(yīng)激水平的關(guān)系。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),個(gè)體的互依型自我構(gòu)念水平與日常應(yīng)激水平呈顯著的正相關(guān),而獨(dú)立型自我構(gòu)念水平與日常應(yīng)激水平相關(guān)不顯著,即互依型自我構(gòu)念水平越高的個(gè)體,在日常生活中會感受到更高水平的應(yīng)激。實(shí)驗(yàn)二通過問卷測量60名大學(xué)生的自我構(gòu)念水平,采用特里爾社會應(yīng)激任務(wù)誘發(fā)心理性應(yīng)激反應(yīng),分別啟動個(gè)體積極社會評價(jià)以及控制感來作為緩沖策略。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),互依自我構(gòu)念越高的個(gè)體,其急性心理性應(yīng)激反應(yīng)越強(qiáng)。并且在進(jìn)行積極社會反饋啟動后,個(gè)體的應(yīng)激水平顯著低于進(jìn)行高可控感啟動后。除此之外,對于高互依自我構(gòu)念的個(gè)體來說,與啟動個(gè)體的高控制感相比,啟動個(gè)體的積極社會評價(jià)更能有效的降低高互依自我構(gòu)念個(gè)體的應(yīng)激水平。即對于高互依自我構(gòu)念的個(gè)體來說,積極社會評價(jià)是更有效的緩沖策略。綜上所述,本研究通過兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)考察了在中國文化背景下自我構(gòu)念對個(gè)體心理性應(yīng)激的影響以及啟動任務(wù)的緩沖作用。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),高互依自我構(gòu)念的個(gè)體會在日常生活中感受到更高水平的應(yīng)激反應(yīng);與個(gè)體本身自我構(gòu)念相一致的啟動能夠更有效的緩沖心理性應(yīng)激反應(yīng),與啟動個(gè)體的高控制感相比,啟動個(gè)體的積極社會評價(jià)更能有效的降低高互依自我構(gòu)念個(gè)體的應(yīng)激水平。以上結(jié)果表明了個(gè)體心理性應(yīng)激反應(yīng)以及緩沖策略可能存在的文化差異。
[Abstract]:Psychological stress is a state in which an individual's homeostasis is threatened by social psychology. If the stress source continues to act too strongly on the human body, it can cause persistent and serious disorder of physiological activities and eventually cause psychosomatic diseases. With the further study of psychological stress, researchers gradually realized that there is also specificity in the non-specificity of stress response, that is, when the same psychological stress source acts on different individuals, There may be important differences in stress response, which may be related to personality traits and self-construction. In addition, previous studies have found that individuals of different cultures can more effectively cushion stress by adopting strategies consistent with their own culture when confronted with psychological stress. However, few studies discuss the individual differences of psychological stress and more effective buffer strategies from the perspective of self-construction. In experiment one, 302 (295 effective) Chinese college students' self-construction scores and daily stress levels were measured to investigate the relationship between individual self-construction and daily stress level. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the level of dependent self-construction and the level of daily stress, but there was no significant correlation between the level of independent self-construction and the level of daily stress, that is, the higher the level of interdependence, the higher the level of self-construction. A higher level of stress is felt in daily life. In experiment two, 60 college students' self-construction level was measured by questionnaire, and psychological stress was induced by Trier's social stress task, and individual positive social evaluation and sense of control were initiated as buffer strategies respectively. The results showed that the higher the self-dependence, the stronger the acute psychological stress response. After positive social feedback, the stress level of the individual was significantly lower than that after the high sense of controllability priming. In addition, for individuals with high interdependence, the positive social evaluation of priming individuals can effectively reduce the stress level of individuals with high interdependence, compared with the high sense of control. That is to say, positive social evaluation is a more effective buffer strategy for individuals with high interdependence. To sum up, the present study investigated the effects of self-construction on individual psychological stress and the buffering effect of initiating tasks under the Chinese cultural background through two experiments. The results showed that individuals with high interdependence and self-construction felt a higher level of stress response in daily life, and that the initiation consistent with the self-construction of the individual could more effectively buffer the psychological stress response. Compared with the high sense of control, the positive social evaluation of the primer can effectively reduce the stress level of the individuals with high interdependence. The above results indicate the possible cultural differences in individual psychological stress response and buffer strategy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B848

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