【摘要】：共情這個術語,自它出現(xiàn)在文獻中時就展現(xiàn)出了多種意義。比較統(tǒng)一的定義是,換位思考他人的想法、感受和行為的能力。由此引申出的疼痛共情,被認為是由于旁人遭受疼痛,而引發(fā)的感知、體驗和情緒反應,即對他人疼痛的感同身受。無論是對個體的生存發(fā)展還是人際交往,疼痛共情都有著不可或缺的積極作用。影響疼痛共情的因素很多,其中人格因素是一種重要因素,但是人格與疼痛共情的關系還有待深入探索。本研究選擇自立人格中的一種重要特質——人際責任來探索人格與共情的關系。人際責任是指對人忠、信,是一種體現(xiàn)中國文化特點的人際特質。本研究假設,人際責任與疼痛共情有關,而且這種關系受到情境因素的影響。具體表現(xiàn)為:在自我卷入度高的生動形象的傷害想象情境中,人際責任與疼痛共情的相關更高;在自我卷入度相對較低的情境中,人際責任分數(shù)與疼痛共情相關較低甚至可能不相關。實驗一讓被試觀察他人身體部位疼痛圖片并對其疼痛程度進行評定,并且在觀察過程中對自己說:“他/她受到的傷害是我導致的”,同時生動形象地想象導致該人受到圖片中所呈現(xiàn)的傷害的具體情境,以此探討在傷害想象情境中人際責任與疼痛共情的關系。共113名被試,其中,85名女生,28名男生。先請被試填寫一份大學生人際自立量表(ISSS-US),然后觀察圖片并評定圖片中人物的疼痛程度。實驗操作分別為:操作組(無傷害想象情境)、實驗組(傷害想象情境)。結果發(fā)現(xiàn)傷害想象的主效應顯著,人際責任的主效應不顯著,傷害想象與人際責任的交互作用顯著,即在傷害想象的情境中,被試的疼痛共情水平更高;僅在傷害想象的情境中,人際責任高分組比低分組的疼痛共情水平更高。實驗二讓被試通觀察他人面部疼痛表情圖片并對其疼痛程度進行評定,并且在觀察過程中假設那些是受到被試懲罰的同學在受到電刺激時的面部表情,以此探討在傷害假設情境中,人際責任與疼痛共情的關系。共106名被試,其中,81名女生,25名男生。先請被試填寫一份大學生人際自立量表(ISSS-US),然后觀察圖片并評定圖片中人物的疼痛程度。實驗操作分別為:操作組(無傷害假設情境)、實驗組(傷害假設情境)。結果發(fā)現(xiàn)傷害假設情境中,人際責任的主效應和交互作用均不顯著。研究結果部分支持了假設,即人際責任與疼痛共情有關,但這種關系主要發(fā)生在高自我卷入度的情境下。本研究在推進人格與疼痛共情的關系及其影響因素方面有一定貢獻,但還存在不足。
[Abstract]:The term empathy has shown many meanings since it appeared in the literature. A more uniform definition is the ability to think about others' thoughts, feelings, and actions. The resulting pain empathy is thought to be the perception, experience, and emotional response caused by pain to others, that is, empathy for the pain of others. Pain empathy plays an indispensable and positive role in both individual survival and interpersonal communication. There are many factors affecting pain empathy, among which personality factor is an important factor, but the relationship between personality and pain empathy needs to be further explored. In this study, an important trait of self-supporting personality, interpersonal responsibility, is chosen to explore the relationship between personality and empathy. Interpersonal responsibility refers to loyalty and trust, which embodies the characteristics of Chinese culture. This study assumes that interpersonal responsibility is associated with pain empathy and that this relationship is influenced by situational factors. In the situation of high degree of self-involvement and vivid image of injury imagination, the relationship between interpersonal responsibility and pain empathy is higher; in the situation where the degree of self-involvement is relatively low, the relationship between interpersonal responsibility and pain empathy is higher, while in the situation of relatively low degree of self-involvement, the relationship between interpersonal responsibility and pain empathy is higher. Interpersonal responsibility scores are low or may not be associated with pain empathy. In experiment one, participants were asked to observe pictures of pain in other people's body parts and assess their pain levels, and in the course of the observation, they said to themselves, "I caused the injury to him or her." At the same time, vividly visualize the specific situation that caused the person to be hurt in the picture, so as to explore the relationship between interpersonal responsibility and pain empathy in the situation of injury imagination. A total of 113 subjects, including 85 girls and 28 boys. Participants were asked to fill out a college student interpersonal support scale (ISSS-US), then observe the pictures and assess the pain level of the characters in the pictures. The experimental results were as follows: operation group (no injury imagination situation) and experimental group (injury imagination situation). The results showed that the main effect of injury imagination was significant, the main effect of interpersonal responsibility was not significant, the interaction between injury imagination and interpersonal responsibility was significant, that is, in the situation of injury imagination, the subjects' pain empathy level was higher; The high interpersonal responsibility group had a higher level of pain empathy than the low score group only in the context of injury imagination. Experiment two asked people to look at pictures of other people's facial pain expressions and assess their pain levels, and in the course of the observation assumed that those students who had been punished by the subjects had facial expressions when they were subjected to electrical stimulation. In order to explore the relationship between interpersonal responsibility and pain empathy in the injury hypothesis. A total of 106 subjects, including 81 girls and 25 boys. Participants were asked to fill out a college student interpersonal support scale (ISSS-US), then observe the pictures and assess the pain level of the characters in the pictures. The experimental results were as follows: operation group (no injury hypothetical situation) and experimental group (injury hypothesis situation). The results showed that the main effect and interaction of interpersonal responsibility were not significant in the injury hypothesis. The results support the hypothesis that interpersonal responsibility is related to pain empathy, but this relationship mainly occurs in the context of high degree of self involvement. This study has some contributions to promote the relationship between personality and pain empathy and its influencing factors, but there are still some shortcomings.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：B848

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