【摘要】：視覺工作記憶對于個體獲取視覺信息以及高級認知活動都至關(guān)重要。前人的研究從不同方面表明動作類游戲玩家有視覺工作記憶優(yōu)勢,但對產(chǎn)生這種優(yōu)勢的相應機制的研究卻不多。本研究采用經(jīng)典的變化覺察范式(記憶屏、記憶保持和反應屏),試圖通過認知和神經(jīng)兩方面來解釋動作類游戲玩家的視覺工作記憶優(yōu)勢。在實驗一中,為了證實游戲玩家在視覺工作記憶上確實存在優(yōu)勢,我們采用色塊刺激的變化察覺范式,比較游戲玩家與非游戲玩家的任務表現(xiàn)差異。結(jié)果顯示,游戲玩家的記憶容量以及任務表現(xiàn)(正確率和辨別率)都要顯著地好于非游戲玩家。實驗二則試圖探索游戲玩家這種優(yōu)勢的認知機制,我們采用另一種色塊刺激的變化覺察范式,安排了三個任務：任務一改變記憶屏呈現(xiàn)時間；任務二與任務三加入線索,前者改變線索與記憶屏的延遲時間,后者固定線索與記憶屏的延遲時間,而改變線索與反應屏的延遲時間。結(jié)果顯示,玩家在三個任務上的正確率都顯著地高于非玩家,更重要的是,玩家在任務二中的優(yōu)勢受延遲時間的影響,表明玩家能更好地防止記憶的衰退。實驗三則試圖探索這種優(yōu)勢的神經(jīng)機制,我們采用與實驗一相同的實驗范式,同時采用腦電技術(shù)記錄并通過神經(jīng)振蕩(ERD/ERS)神經(jīng)指標分析兩組在進行視覺工作記憶任務時的大腦活動差異。結(jié)果顯示,非游戲玩家在upper alpha、lower alpha和beta三個頻段上ERD/ERS值都存在記憶負荷主效應或相關(guān)的交互效應,而玩家則沒有這一效應。結(jié)果表明非游戲玩家與注意以及與任務相關(guān)的腦激活隨記憶負荷的增加出現(xiàn)顯著地下降,尤其當記憶負荷為6時,與任務相關(guān)的腦激活出現(xiàn)抑制；而游戲玩家與注意以及與任務相關(guān)的腦激活都不隨記憶負荷的增加而有顯著的改變。通過上述三個實驗,研究得出結(jié)論：動作類游戲玩家存在視覺工作記憶優(yōu)勢,這種優(yōu)勢可能來源于更好地防止記憶的衰退,并且更好地應對高記憶負荷任務。
[Abstract]:Visual working memory (VWM) plays an important role in the acquisition of visual information and advanced cognitive activities. Previous studies have shown that action gamers have the advantage of visual working memory in different ways, but few have studied the corresponding mechanism of this advantage. In the first experiment, in order to confirm the superiority of visual working memory, we used the color block stimulation change detection paradigm to compare the task performance between players and non-players. In the second experiment, we tried to explore the cognitive mechanism of this advantage. We used another color block stimulation change detection paradigm and arranged three tasks: task 1 changed the display time of memory screen; Task 2 and task 3 add cues. The former changes the delay time of cues and memory screens, while the latter fixes the delay time of cues and memory screens, and changes the delay time of cues and reaction screens. Experiments 3 attempted to explore the neural mechanisms underlying this advantage. We used the same experimental paradigm as the experiment, and recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) measurements and analyzed brain activity differences between the two groups during visual working memory tasks by using ERD / ERS neural indicators. The results showed that the main effect or related interaction effect of memory load existed in the three bands of upper alpha, lower alpha and beta, but not in the players. The results showed that attention and task-related brain activation decreased significantly with the increase of memory load, especially in the non-game players. Task-related brain activation was inhibited when the memory load was 6, while neither attention nor task-related brain activation was significantly changed with the increase of memory load. Better prevention of memory decline and better coping with high memory tasks.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：B842

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