【摘要】：受傳統(tǒng)文化和思想觀念的影響,社區(qū)在時代變遷和社會轉(zhuǎn)型的潮流中逐漸成為空巢老人居家養(yǎng)老的首選場域。扎根社區(qū),深入探討空巢老年群體的社區(qū)心理需求傾向,對豐富社區(qū)心理健康服務(wù)的理論,指導(dǎo)社區(qū)服務(wù)操作具有重要意義。 研究過程主要分為空巢老人社區(qū)心理需求的扎根理論和探索性應(yīng)用兩個部分。 在扎根理論階段,運用合作研究方法,以南京市玄武區(qū)鎖金村社區(qū)為合作基地,對空巢老人心理需求傾向進行了深入探討和提煉。研究在為期一年的社區(qū)田野調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上,對34名空巢老人進行了半結(jié)構(gòu)式訪談,運用扎根理論的資料分析方法對相關(guān)文獻資料和訪談資料進行整理分析,提煉出空巢老人心理需求傾向理論模型,并得出以下結(jié)論： (1)空巢老年需求研究亟待召喚一種歷史的、關(guān)系的、積極的視角。 (2)在時代變遷中,老人經(jīng)歷了需求生態(tài)系統(tǒng)從“家族人”系統(tǒng)到“單位人”系統(tǒng)到“社會人”系統(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)變,“社會”的范圍主要指向了社區(qū)。 (3)空巢老人的社區(qū)需求包括積極能力、積極體驗、積極環(huán)境三種傾向。積極能力傾向包括能力保護、能力增長、能力施展三個維度,希望“老有所為”,從而帶來價值感、效能感。積極體驗傾向包括體驗的獲得、體驗的表達和體驗的分享三個維度,希望“老有所樂”,從而帶來社區(qū)感、歸屬感。積極環(huán)境傾向包括生活環(huán)境、服務(wù)環(huán)境和政策環(huán)境三個維度,希望“老有所依”,從而帶來安全感、舒適感。三種社區(qū)需求傾向之間形成相互影響、相互轉(zhuǎn)換的系統(tǒng),并共同旨在積極生活的建構(gòu)。 探索性應(yīng)用階段,將提煉出的理論在社區(qū)服務(wù)項目中進行了探索性的應(yīng)用,通過實踐增加理論的生命力,同時通過實踐的反哺,對理論進行了完善,得出以下結(jié)論： (1)空巢老人心理需求傾向理論在社區(qū)操作實踐中具有良好的指導(dǎo)性和應(yīng)用性。需求傾向理論在社區(qū)實踐中呈現(xiàn)出動態(tài)性,老年人在與社區(qū)的互動關(guān)系中,三種需求傾向的對接是有主觀偏重的,并且這種偏重在直觀上與年齡還存在著很大的相關(guān)性。 (2)社區(qū)心理健康服務(wù)體系的建構(gòu)不是孤立的理論與實踐的互動,它的可持續(xù)運作依賴于全方位合作機制的建立。
[Abstract]:Under the influence of traditional culture and ideology, the community has gradually become the first choice of the empty nest elderly in the changing times and the trend of social transformation. It is of great significance for enriching the theory of community mental health service and guiding the operation of community service to take root in the community and probe into the tendency of community psychological demand of empty nest elderly group. The research process is divided into two parts: rooted theory and exploratory application. In the stage of taking root in theory, using cooperative research method, taking lockin village community in Xuanwu district of Nanjing as the cooperative base, the psychological demand tendency of empty-nest elderly is deeply discussed and refined. On the basis of a year of community fieldwork, 34 empty nesters were interviewed in a semi-structured way, and the relevant literature and interview materials were analyzed by using the method of data analysis based on rooted theory. This paper abstracts the theoretical model of empty-nest elderly's psychological needs tendency, and draws the following conclusions: (1) the research of empty-nest elderly needs to summon a historical, relational and positive perspective. (2) in the changing times, The elderly have experienced the transition from "family" system to "unit person" system to "social person" system. The scope of "society" mainly points to the community. (3) the community needs of empty-nesters include positive ability. Positive experience, positive environment, three tendencies. Positive ability tendency includes three dimensions: ability protection, ability growth and ability development. Positive experience tendency includes three dimensions: the acquisition of experience, the expression of experience and the sharing of experience. Positive environmental tendency includes three dimensions: living environment, service environment and policy environment. The three kinds of community demand tendencies form a system of mutual influence and transformation, and together aim at the construction of active life. In the stage of exploratory application, the refined theory is applied in the community service project, and the vitality of the theory is increased through practice. At the same time, the theory is perfected through the feedback of practice. The conclusions are as follows: (1) empty-nest elderly people's psychological needs tendency theory has good guidance and application in community operation practice. The theory of demand propensity is dynamic in community practice. In the interaction between the elderly and the community, there is a subjective bias in the docking of the three demand tendencies. Moreover, there is a great correlation between this emphasis and age. (2) the construction of community mental health service system is not an isolated interaction between theory and practice, its sustainable operation depends on the establishment of all-round cooperation mechanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B844.4

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