本文選題：表征動量 + 移位�。� 參考：《清華大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：表征動量指觀察者對運動物體最終位置的記憶沿物體運動方向發(fā)生的前移。前人研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，自然對象前進運動時的前移量大于倒退運動時的前移量，表現(xiàn)出典型運動效應(yīng)，但典型運動效應(yīng)發(fā)生的原因，已有研究存在爭議、沒有明確答案。 本研究系統(tǒng)探討了熟悉物體的典型運動效應(yīng)及其原因。研究一（實驗1-3）對熟悉物體的表征動量及典型運動效應(yīng)進行驗證。結(jié)果表明，前進運動的物體存在表征動量（實驗1）；倒退運動的物體存在表征動量，但動物的前移量小于物理刺激的前移量（實驗2）。實驗3重復(fù)驗證了典型運動效應(yīng)。研究二至四分別探索典型運動效應(yīng)的可能原因：速度、朝向和指向。研究二（實驗4-8）著重探討速度原因。刺激對象的實際運動速度影響表征動量（實驗4）。盡管汽車和自行車的前移量無差異（實驗5），但奔跑人的前移量大于站立人的前移量（實驗6），且這一差異并非由水平視角造成（實驗7）。排除視覺原型性的影響，快慢語義不影響前移量（實驗8）。研究二表明：在有效啟動速度概念的條件下，熟悉物體的速度知識影響表征動量，但需要以物體的視覺特征為媒介。研究三（實驗9-12）使用對稱圖形著重探討朝向原因。實驗9表明刺猬正向運動的前移量大于倒向運動的前移量，，但朝向效應(yīng)只作用于水平向右方向，即倒向且水平向右運動的表征動量消失；實驗10和實驗11分別使用抽象的對稱圖形和pacman圖形為實驗材料，得到了與實驗9一致的觀察；實驗12探討垂直運動，結(jié)果表明朝向效應(yīng)只作用于垂直向下方向。研究三表明：朝向影響表征動量，但只作用于水平向右和垂直向下方向，前者可能和閱讀習慣有關(guān)，后者可能和重力作用有關(guān)。研究四（實驗13-14）著重探討指向原因。結(jié)果表明，三角形運動方向與其頂角指向相同時的前移量大于不同時的前移量（實驗13）；在保持朝向和指向不變時，熟悉物體的倒置狀態(tài)不影響表征動量（實驗14）。研究四表明：指向影響表征動量。 綜上所述，熟悉物體前進的前移量大于倒退的前移量，表現(xiàn)出典型運動效應(yīng)，同時這一效應(yīng)的根源是朝向效應(yīng)和指向效應(yīng)。相比于指向效應(yīng)，朝向效應(yīng)可能是更一般和更主要的原因。朝向效應(yīng)的存在說明表征動量具有認知可滲透性。
[Abstract]:Momentum refers to the forward movement of the observer's memory of the final position of a moving object along the moving direction of the object. Previous studies have found that the amount of forward movement of natural objects is larger than that of retrogressive motion, showing typical motion effect, but the cause of typical motion effect has been controversial and there is no clear answer. This study systematically discusses the typical motion effects of familiar objects and their causes. Study I (experiment 1-3) verifies the characterization of momentum and typical motion effects of familiar objects. The results show that there is a token momentum in the body moving forward (experiment 1), but the amount of forward movement of the animal is smaller than that of the physical stimulus (experiment 2). Experiment 3 repeatedly verifies the typical motion effect. Two to four studies explore the possible causes of typical motion effects: velocity, orientation and direction. Study 2 (experiment 4-8) focuses on the causes of speed. The actual motion velocity of the stimulator has an effect on the characterization of momentum (experiment 4). Although there was no difference in the amount of forward movement between the car and the bicycle (experiment 5), the amount of forward movement of the runner was larger than that of the standing person (experiment 6), and the difference was not caused by the horizontal angle (experiment 7). Excluding visual prototyping, fast and slow semantics do not affect the amount of forward movement (experiment 8). The second study shows that under the condition of effective starting velocity concept, familiarity with the knowledge of the velocity of the object influences the representation of momentum, but it needs to be mediated by the visual characteristics of the object. Study 3 (experiment 9-12) uses symmetrical graphics to focus on the cause of orientation. Experiment 9 showed that the forward movement of hedgehog was larger than that of backward movement, but the orientation effect only affected the horizontal direction to the right, that is, the momentum of the backward and horizontal movement was disappeared. Experiments 10 and 11 respectively use abstract symmetric and pacman patterns as experimental materials to obtain the observation consistent with experiment 9. Experiment 12 discusses vertical motion and the results show that the orientation effect acts only in the vertical downward direction. The third study shows that orientation affects momentum, but only in horizontal right and vertical downwards. The former may be related to reading habits, while the latter may be related to gravity. The fourth study (experiment 13-14) focuses on the directed reasons. The results show that when the direction of the triangle motion is the same as its vertex direction, the amount of forward movement is larger than that of the different time (experiment 13); while the orientation and direction of the familiar object are not changed, the inverted state of familiar object does not affect the token momentum (experiment 14). The fourth study shows that the direction effect characterizes momentum. To sum up, the moving forward of familiar objects is larger than that of retrogression, showing the typical motion effect, and the root of this effect is the orientation effect and the directional effect. Orientation effect may be a more general and main cause than directed effect. The existence of orientation effect indicates that momentum is characterized by cognitive permeability.
【學位授予單位】：清華大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842

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