發(fā)布時間：2018-05-10 19:04

  本文選題：人格測驗 + 自我報告��； 參考：《第四軍醫(yī)大學》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：自從心理測量誕生以來,自我報告法一直最經(jīng)久不衰的研究方法之一。自我報告法有著解釋簡便、信息豐富、報告動機、因果驅(qū)動、操作性強等與生俱來的優(yōu)勢,曾被公認為是最優(yōu)的人格測量方法。然而近年來,隨著測量需求的變化以及測量對象的豐富,自我報告法也面臨著一些難以回避的挑戰(zhàn),例如自我知覺的準確性;自我報告的動機控制;測量工具的有效性等等。上述議題逐漸使得國際上人事心理選拔技術(shù)走入了瓶頸。因此,整合多模態(tài)的生理、心理與行為指標,來提高對個體人格鑒別的準確率,是未來心理測量研究重要的突破點之一。然而,有關(guān)人格的客觀測量方法的實證研究仍然不足,同時也缺少認知加工或微觀行為層面的人格標記物。為解決上述問題,本研究融合了新近發(fā)展的自我連接技術(shù)及視線追蹤技術(shù),通過五項實證研究,系統(tǒng)地探討了心理測驗多質(zhì)融合技術(shù)在人格及其感知覺研究中的應(yīng)用。研究一采用一項行為實驗,利用自評和他評的大五人格量表,通過對比自我-他人的人格評估一致性,驗證自我報告反映了真實的自我知覺還是理想化的自我錯覺,并為人格知覺的自我增強效應(yīng)提供可操作的測量方法。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),在內(nèi)外傾、盡責性和開放性這三個維度,自我報告反映了真實自我;而在宜人性和神經(jīng)質(zhì)這兩個維度上,自我報告反映了理想自我。結(jié)果表明,個體自我知覺的準確性在不同人格維度上存在差異,人格的自我知覺存在一定程度的自我增強效應(yīng)。研究二采用一項行為實驗,利用自我連接學習任務(wù)和自評的大五人格量表,探討自我偏向效應(yīng)的幅度與人格特質(zhì)的關(guān)系,并嘗試將自我連接技術(shù)作為客觀的、涉及初級認知加工的人格測量方法。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),個體內(nèi)傾性程度越高,或者盡責性越低,自我偏向效應(yīng)的幅度越大。結(jié)果表明,自我偏向效應(yīng)的幅度與人格的個體差異存在緊密關(guān)系,在容易被自我知覺以及他人反饋的人格維度上表現(xiàn)得尤其明顯。研究三采用兩項行為實驗,以與軍事績效密切相關(guān)的認知能力——時間知覺為例,利用自我連接學習任務(wù)和時間復(fù)制任務(wù),考察自我偏向效應(yīng)對時間知覺的調(diào)控作用。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),自我連接能夠調(diào)控主觀時間知覺,壓縮運動引發(fā)的時間膨脹效應(yīng),使主觀時間更穩(wěn)定、更準確。同時,自我優(yōu)勢的幅度越大,對靜止和運動狀態(tài)下的物體的時間知覺調(diào)控越強。結(jié)果表明,自我連接可以調(diào)控運動引發(fā)的時間錯覺。研究四采用一項眼動實驗,以與軍事績效密切相關(guān)的認知能力——空間知覺為例,利用自我連接技術(shù)與視線追蹤技術(shù),考察自我偏向效應(yīng)對平滑眼動追蹤的調(diào)控。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),自我連接可以促進情緒低落個體的平滑眼動追蹤績效,在快速運動的目標上,這種促進效應(yīng)尤其明顯。結(jié)果表明,自我連接可以調(diào)控情緒低落個體的視線追蹤受損。研究五采用一項眼動實驗,在自我報告式人格測驗的基礎(chǔ)上,融合視線追蹤技術(shù),考察人格測驗反應(yīng)加工過程中的眼動特征。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),與控制組相比,精神障礙個體的項目反應(yīng)加工過程更復(fù)雜,表現(xiàn)為更多的注視與更頻繁的眼跳。同時,精神障礙個體對題干中“我”的敏感度比控制組要低。結(jié)果表明,精神障礙個體在人格測驗中表現(xiàn)出特殊的眼動特征,眼動指標提高人格鑒別的準確性。綜上所述,本研究采用五項研究包括六項實驗,通過自我報告、自我連接以及視線追蹤的多質(zhì)融合技術(shù),分別從主觀內(nèi)省、感知覺加工及眼動行為三個層面,考察自我表征對自我知覺、時間知覺、空間知覺以及人格測驗反應(yīng)加工的調(diào)控作用。結(jié)果表明,自我連接技術(shù)可以作為人格測量的客觀方法,促進與軍事任務(wù)相關(guān)的時間與空間感知能力,并影響人格測驗反應(yīng)加工的眼動特征。由此可見,心理測驗多質(zhì)融合技術(shù)可以通過采集多維度的數(shù)據(jù),融合多模態(tài)的結(jié)果,實施多尺度的相關(guān)分析,建立多層次的判定結(jié)果,最終實現(xiàn)對人格客觀、精細、準確的評判。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of psychometrics, self reporting has been one of the most enduring research methods. Self reporting has the advantages of simple explanation, rich information, motivation, cause and effect, and strong operability. It has been recognized as the best method of personality measurement. However, in recent years, with the change of measurement demand and measurement. There are some difficult challenges for self reporting, such as the accuracy of self perception, the motivation control of self reporting, the effectiveness of measuring tools, and so on. These issues have gradually led to the bottleneck of the international personnel psychological selection technology. Therefore, the integration of multimodal physiological, psychological and behavioral indicators is proposed. The accuracy of individual personality identification is one of the most important breakthroughs in the study of future psychometrics. However, the empirical research on the objective measurement method of personality is still insufficient and there is a lack of personality markers in the cognitive processing or micro behavior level. In order to solve the above problems, this research has merged the newly developed self connection technology. And line of sight tracking technology, through five empirical studies, the application of psychological test multi quality fusion technology in the study of personality and perception is systematically discussed. Self perception or idealized self delusion provides an operational measurement for the self enhancement effect of personality perception. The results show that self reporting reflects the true self in the three dimensions of introversion, due diligence and openness, and self reporting reflects the ideal self on the two dimensions of agreeableness and neuroticism. The results show that the accuracy of individual self perception is different in different personality dimensions, and the self perception of personality has a certain degree of self enhancement. Study two use a behavioral experiment, use the self connection learning task and the self rating five person scale, to explore the relationship between the amplitude of self bias effect and the personality traits, and try to find out the relationship between the self bias effect and the personality traits. The results show that the greater the degree of individual introversion, or the lower the due diligence, the greater the self bias effect. The result shows that the amplitude of the self bias effect is closely related to the individual differences in personality, and is easy to be perceived by self and others. The personality dimension of the feedback is particularly evident. In study three, the study used two behavioral experiments, taking the cognitive ability closely related to military performance, time perception as an example, using self connection learning task and time duplication task to investigate the role of self bias effect on time perception. The time perception, the time expansion effect caused by the compression movement, makes the subjective time more stable and more accurate. At the same time, the greater the amplitude of the self superiority, the stronger the time perception of the objects under the state of rest and movement. The result shows that the self connection can regulate the time illusion caused by the movement. Study four uses an eye movement experiment with the army. The cognitive ability closely related to the performance - spatial perception, as an example, uses self connection technology and line of sight tracking techniques to investigate the regulation of self bias effect on smooth eye tracking. The results show that self connection can promote the smooth eye tracking performance of depressed individuals, and this effect is especially on the target of fast movement. The results showed that self connection could regulate the loss of sight tracking in individuals with depression. Study five using an eye movement experiment, on the basis of a self reporting personality test, the eye tracking technique was used to examine the eye movement characteristics during the response process of the personality test. Results showed that the items of the mental disorder were compared with the control group. The reaction process is more complex, showing more gaze and more frequent saccades. At the same time, the sensitivity of mental disorder individuals to "I" is lower than that in the control group. The results show that the individual in the mental disorder shows special eye movement characteristics in the personality test, the eye movement index improves the accuracy of personality identification. The five studies, including six experiments, through self reporting, self connection and eye tracking multi quality fusion technology, examined self perception, time perception, space perception and human test response processing from three aspects of subjective introspection, perceptual processing and eye movement, respectively. Connection technology can be used as an objective method of personality measurement, promoting time and space perception related to military tasks, and affecting the eye movement characteristics of personality test reaction processing. It can be seen from this, psychological test multiquality fusion technology can be used to collect multidimensional data, integrate multimodal results and implement multi-scale correlation analysis. At the end of the paper, we can judge the result objectively and accurately.

【學位授予單位】：第四軍醫(yī)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B848
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本文編號：1870502