威脅性刺激對考試焦慮個體注意控制加工的影響
本文選題:考試焦慮 + 注意控制; 參考:《東南大學(xué)》2017年博士論文
【摘要】:當(dāng)代社會,許多學(xué)生深受考試焦慮的困擾,而后者往往源于考試情境中的個體對考試失敗的擔(dān)憂。本研究關(guān)注考試焦慮個體這種易受負(fù)性念頭困擾的特點是否源于自我調(diào)節(jié)能力的不足?具體而言,考試焦慮個體的注意控制加工是否存在缺陷?考慮到迄今并不清楚考試焦慮個體在應(yīng)對考試威脅時的注意控制機制,尤其對威脅情境下考試焦慮個體的注意分配靈活性缺乏清晰和一致的描述,本研究以高、低擔(dān)憂型考試焦慮個體為被試,以經(jīng)評定為不同考試威脅特征的雙字詞為刺激材料,通過四個研究共九個實驗考察不同條件下威脅性刺激對考試焦慮個體注意控制加工的影響。研究一利用快速序列視覺呈現(xiàn)詞語流任務(wù)形成的注意瞬脫(AB)效應(yīng),探討不同注意控制意愿和不同認(rèn)知負(fù)載條件下,考試焦慮個體的思維是否易受威脅性刺激的侵入。以考試威脅為靶(此時個體的注意控制意愿較強)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),與高認(rèn)知負(fù)載條件下高、低考試焦慮組被試對考試威脅靶的AB效應(yīng)無顯著差異相比,有認(rèn)知負(fù)載但水平不高時,考試威脅靶更易闖入考試焦慮個體當(dāng)前意識領(lǐng)域,并損害其后續(xù)認(rèn)知加工。而以考試威脅作為非靶呈現(xiàn)時(此時個體的控制加工意愿較弱),考試焦慮個體并未形成威脅性侵入思維。研究二采用修訂的情緒性注意網(wǎng)絡(luò)測驗(ANT),考察考試威脅刺激在考試焦慮影響注意執(zhí)行控制加工中的作用。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),考試焦慮組被試的注意執(zhí)行控制系統(tǒng)功能只在考試威脅干擾條件下顯著低于對照組,該功能性不足隨著威脅的消失而消失。研究三交叉融合視覺短時記憶(VSTM)的變化覺察范式和情緒Stroop任務(wù),考察情境威脅干擾下考試焦慮個體的認(rèn)知資源分配模式。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)有認(rèn)知負(fù)載但資源易獲補充時,考試焦慮個體更易受到與任務(wù)無關(guān)的考試威脅干擾,認(rèn)知負(fù)載較高且資源難獲補充時,考試威脅信息對于考試焦慮個體并無明顯干擾。研究四通過評定不同情緒特征詞匯的考試相關(guān)度和威脅度,考察高、低考試焦慮個體的效價評價系統(tǒng)差異。結(jié)果表明,對于考試威脅和考試無關(guān)威脅的詞匯,高考試焦慮被試組對其威脅度評分顯著更高。綜上本研究發(fā)現(xiàn):考試焦慮個體的負(fù)性侵入思維與其注意控制加工受損有關(guān),該受損僅發(fā)生在與考試威脅有關(guān)的情境中,且受個體是否應(yīng)用以及如何應(yīng)用注意控制策略的影響?荚嚱箲]個體在由情境威脅特征、當(dāng)前認(rèn)知資源易獲補充程度及加工時長等不同因素組合構(gòu)成的情境壓力下,會采用不同的注意調(diào)控策略,其中在承受認(rèn)知資源壓力但壓力不高的條件下,受到考試威脅的侵?jǐn)_最多?荚嚱箲]個體對情境威脅性的夸大,可能是造成其與正常個體認(rèn)知差異的原因之一。本研究認(rèn)為,注意干擾理論關(guān)于考試焦慮個體注意缺陷的觀點、自我調(diào)節(jié)理論關(guān)于考試焦慮個體注意調(diào)控僵化的觀點,均是對特定情境下考試焦慮個體注意控制加工特點的反映。本研究在總體上支持注意控制理論的同時,認(rèn)為威脅性情境中的考試焦慮個體通過采用情緒性注意加工策略,仍顯示出注意調(diào)控的某種靈活性。
[Abstract]:In contemporary society, many students are deeply troubled by test anxiety, and the latter often originates from the fear of test failure in the exam situation. It is not clear that the attention control mechanism of test anxiety individuals in response to test threats is not clear to date, especially the lack of a clear and consistent description of the agility of attention distribution in the test anxiety individuals under threat situations. This study uses high, low worry type test anxiety individuals as subjects, with a double character rated as the characteristic of different test threats. As a stimulus material, the effect of threat stimuli on the attention control processing of test anxiety under different conditions was investigated by four studies and nine experiments in four studies. There is no significant difference in the AB effect between the high cognitive load conditions and the low test anxiety group on the test threat target, and the test threat target is more easily intruded on the test target. Try to anxiety the individual current consciousness field and damage the follow-up cognitive processing. While the test threat as a non target presentation (at this time the individual's control processing intention is weak), the test anxiety individuals did not form a threat of invasive thinking. Study two the revised emotional attention network test (ANT) was used to examine the test threat stimulation in the examination anxiety. The results showed that the function of the attentional executive control system in the test anxiety group was significantly lower than the control group under the condition of the threat of examination, and the lack of function disappeared with the extinction of the threat. Study the change awareness paradigm and emotional Stroop task of the three cross fusion visual short-term memory (VSTM). The results show that the test anxiety individuals are more vulnerable to the task independent test threat when the cognitive load is supplemented by the cognitive load, and the test threat information has no obvious interference to the test anxiety individuals when the cognitive load is higher and the resource is difficult to be supplemented. Study four, by assessing the test correlation and threat degree of different emotional vocabulary, the differences in the evaluation system of high and low test anxiety individuals were investigated. The results showed that the test group was significantly higher on the threat degree of the high test anxiety group. Sexual intrusive thinking is related to its attention to control processing damage. The damage occurs only in situations related to examination threats, and is affected by the application of individuals and how to apply attention control strategies. Test anxiety individuals are composed of different factors such as the situation threat characteristics, the current cognitive resources and the processing time. Under the circumstances under pressure, different attention control strategies are adopted, among which the most intrusive under the conditions of cognitive resource pressure but not high pressure. The exaggeration of the situation threat by the test anxious individuals may be one of the reasons for the cognitive differences between them and the normal individuals. The point of view of individual attention deficit in test anxiety, the view of self-regulation theory about the stiffness and control of individual attention to test anxiety is a reflection of the characteristics of the attention control processing of the individual in the particular situation. Emotional attention processing strategy still shows some flexibility in attention regulation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號】:B842.3
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 夏瑞雪;武文佼;楊冀東;馬潤;;消極情緒刺激和焦慮狀態(tài)對注意瞬脫的影響[J];心理學(xué)探新;2016年01期
2 董云英;張小聰;周仁來;;考試焦慮者對不同程度威脅刺激的注意偏向[J];中國臨床心理學(xué)雜志;2015年06期
3 王宴慶;趙鑫;;正念對考試焦慮的影響:情緒調(diào)節(jié)自我效能感的中介作用[J];中國臨床心理學(xué)雜志;2015年04期
4 劉瑩;張文娟;周仁來;;考試焦慮者注意偏向的認(rèn)知與神經(jīng)機制[J];心理學(xué)探新;2015年03期
5 曲之毅;劉惠軍;劉鐵洋;于斌;;認(rèn)知和情緒詞Flanker任務(wù)的沖突效應(yīng)和沖突適應(yīng)效應(yīng)分析[J];心理與行為研究;2015年03期
6 劉海燕;蘇娟;郝清池;陰國恩;;兩種空間關(guān)系簡單句命題表征項目順序特點[J];心理與行為研究;2015年03期
7 來梟雄;陳晨;張曉彤;周振穎;周仁來;姚梅林;;注意訓(xùn)練對考試焦慮的干預(yù)效果:來自大中小學(xué)的實驗證據(jù)[J];中國特殊教育;2015年02期
8 吳顥;陳少華;;特質(zhì)模糊性對大學(xué)生人格判斷準(zhǔn)確性的影響[J];心理學(xué)探新;2014年06期
9 史戰(zhàn);高鑫;周仁來;;考試焦慮者選擇性注意抑制困難的ERP證據(jù)[J];中國特殊教育;2014年11期
10 陳江濤;唐丹丹;劉聰叢;陳安濤;;注意瞬脫效應(yīng)的個體差異[J];心理科學(xué)進展;2014年10期
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前4條
1 潘偉剛;特質(zhì)自我控制的神經(jīng)機制[D];西南大學(xué);2016年
2 江琦;大中學(xué)生考試心理問題及考試績效研究[D];西南大學(xué);2006年
3 陳彩琦;視覺選擇性注意與工作記憶的交互關(guān)系——認(rèn)知行為與ERP的研究[D];華南師范大學(xué);2004年
4 田寶;高中生考試焦慮影響考試成績的模式和對策研究[D];首都師范大學(xué);2001年
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條
1 鄧海嬋;分心物干擾對注意缺陷多動障礙成人注意瞬脫的影響[D];華中師范大學(xué);2014年
2 胡佳佳;不同特質(zhì)焦慮水平者對情緒面孔的注意瞬脫效應(yīng)[D];西南大學(xué);2014年
3 孟祥寒;正念訓(xùn)練和放松訓(xùn)練對中學(xué)生考試焦慮的干預(yù)研究[D];天津師范大學(xué);2013年
4 孫巖巖;工作記憶執(zhí)行控制功能對AB的調(diào)節(jié)作用[D];東北師范大學(xué);2012年
5 李達(dá);負(fù)性先行情緒對工作記憶加工的影響[D];上海師范大學(xué);2012年
6 趙靜;工作記憶不同環(huán)路的利用對注意瞬脫效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生積極影響的行為研究[D];西南大學(xué);2012年
7 龔敏;知覺負(fù)載與工作記憶負(fù)載對干擾效應(yīng)的不同影響[D];西南大學(xué);2010年
8 陳t,
本文編號:1865306
本文鏈接:http://www.sikaile.net/shekelunwen/xinlixingwei/1865306.html