發(fā)布時間：2018-04-14 10:07

  本文選題：背景線索效應 + 外部獎賞　； 參考：《山西師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在每日的工作、學習和生活中,我們要不斷接受大量繁雜無序的信息,但是,有很多信息并不是我們所需要的。人類視覺加工系統(tǒng)的能力是有限的,因此如何從信息中選擇關鍵信息,提高視覺搜索的效率就變得十分重要。大量的研究表明,可以利用背景線索信息來促進視覺搜索,這便是背景線索效應(contextual cuing effect)。除此之外,獎賞能夠引導注意更快地指向目標,影響視覺搜索的效率,提高注意力,促進視覺搜索。以往已經(jīng)有大量研究對獎賞與視覺搜索的關系進行了研究,并且發(fā)現(xiàn)獎賞對視覺搜索有促進作用,但是以往研究很少涉及獎賞與背景線索效應的關系研究。即便如此,僅有的研究也表明,獎賞信息與背景線索效應存在某種關系�；诖�,本研究提出了自己的實驗設計,如下:實驗1對背景線索效應的基本信息進行了探討,采用2(場景類型:重復場景、新穎場景)×4(epoch:1、2、3、4)的被試內(nèi)實驗設計,驗證了以往的研究結(jié)果,并為接下來的研究進行了鋪墊。實驗2采用2(場景類型:重復場景、新穎場景)×4(獎賞類型:高獎賞(10)、低獎賞(5)、無獎賞(0)、懲罰(-5))×4(epoch:1、2、3、4)的被試內(nèi)實驗設計,不僅對獎賞與懲罰信息對背景線索效應的影響進行了分析,也對高低不同水平獎賞信息對背景線索效應的影響進行了探討。實驗3采用2(場景類型:重復場景、新穎場景)×2(啟動類型:獎賞啟動、無獎賞啟動)×4(epoch:1、2、3、4)的被試內(nèi)實驗設計,對獎賞啟動與背景線索效應的關系進行了探討。得到以下結(jié)論:1.被試可以利用背景線索信息來促進視覺搜索,可以利用情景信息引導視覺注意,將被試的注意更好的引導向目標位置,背景線索可以促進視覺搜索。因此,可以證明背景線索效應存在。2.背景線索效應的學習具有內(nèi)隱性質(zhì)。也就是說,被試不知道場景信息的重復,卻可以利用重復信息進行視覺搜索。3.與場景相關的獎賞信息對背景線索效應有調(diào)節(jié)作用,存在高水平獎賞對背景線索效應的影響大于低水平獎賞的趨勢,兩者的差異邊緣顯著;懲罰信息同樣可以引導被試的注意,提高背景線索效應。4.在視覺搜索實驗范式下,無論是否加入獎賞啟動,均會存在背景線索效應,但是,獎賞啟動對背景線索效應具有調(diào)節(jié)作用,可以提高背景線索對視覺搜索的影響,增強目標搜索的效率。
[Abstract]:In the daily work, study and life, we have to accept a lot of information, but there is a lot of information is not what we need.The ability of human visual processing system is limited, so how to select the key information from the information and improve the efficiency of visual search becomes very important.A large number of studies have shown that background cues can be used to promote visual search, which is contextual cuing effectof contextual cues.In addition, rewards can lead attention to target faster, affect the efficiency of visual search, improve attention, and promote visual search.There have been a lot of studies on the relationship between reward and visual search, and it has been found that reward can promote visual search. However, there are few studies on the relationship between reward and background clue effect.Even so, only research suggests a relationship between reward information and contextual cues.Based on this, this study proposed its own experimental design, as follows: in experiment 1, the basic information of background cues effect was discussed, and 2 (scene types: repeated scenes, novel scenes) 脳 4 epoch: 1 / 2 / 3 / 4) were used.Verify the results of previous studies, and for the next study to pave the way.Experiment 2 was designed by using 2 (scene type: repeat scene, novel scene) 脳 4 (reward type: high reward 10, low reward 5, no reward 0, penalty 5) 脳 4 epoch1 / 2 / 3 / 4). Not only the effect of reward and punishment information on background clue effect was analyzed, but also the effect of reward and punishment information on the background clue effect was analyzed.The influence of different levels of reward information on the effect of background cues is also discussed.Experiment 3 was designed by using 2 (scene type: repeat scene, novel scene) 脳 2 (priming type: reward priming, no reward priming) 脳 4 epoch: 1 / 2 / 3 / 4). The relationship between reward priming and background clue effect was discussed.Get the following conclusion: 1.Subjects can use background cues to promote visual search, can use situational information to guide visual attention, the participants can better guide the attention to the target position, background clues can promote visual search.Therefore, it can be proved that the background cues effect exists. 2.The learning of background cues is implicit.That is to say, the participants do not know the repetition of scene information, but can use the repeated information for visual search. 3.The reward information related to scene can regulate the effect of background cues, and there is a tendency that the effect of high level reward on background clue effect is greater than that of low level reward, and the difference margin between them is significant. The punishment information can also lead the participants to pay attention.Enhance the background cues effect. 4.In the visual search experiment paradigm, whether or not the reward priming is added, there will be a background clue effect. However, the reward priming can regulate the background clue effect, which can improve the influence of the background cues on the visual search.Increases the efficiency of target search.
【學位授予單位】：山西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842.3

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本文編號：1748824