本文關(guān)鍵詞： 已婚女性 生育意愿 多層線(xiàn)性模型　出處：《沈陽(yáng)師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)是一個(gè)人口大國(guó),人口增長(zhǎng)問(wèn)題從建國(guó)以來(lái),就一直是我國(guó)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。面臨持續(xù)低下的生育率,我國(guó)采取了一些政策做出調(diào)整,包括最近出臺(tái)的“二孩政策”,可是效果仍然沒(méi)有達(dá)到專(zhuān)家們的預(yù)期。所以,找出影響已婚女性生育意愿的關(guān)鍵因素,對(duì)于政府出臺(tái)促進(jìn)二孩政策的措施有著重要的參考意義。生育意愿會(huì)受到文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)及政治等多方面影響,它一般包括生育子女性別、子女?dāng)?shù)量、生育時(shí)間及養(yǎng)育方式四個(gè)方面。本研究從城市人均GDP水平、家族文化等社會(huì)因素和夫妻支持、依戀風(fēng)格、性別角色認(rèn)同等個(gè)體因素兩個(gè)層面探索影響已婚女性生育意愿的因素。本研究總共收集了來(lái)自30個(gè)城市、來(lái)自450名已婚女性的有效問(wèn)卷,采用多層線(xiàn)性分析模型,排除包括已婚女性的年齡、婚齡、居住地、學(xué)歷、單位類(lèi)型等混雜因素的作用,來(lái)探索已婚女性的生育意愿的影響因素。得出研究結(jié)論:(1)已婚女性的生育意愿在年齡、學(xué)歷、同長(zhǎng)輩居住的數(shù)量上存在顯著性差異,以18-25歲已婚女性為對(duì)照組,年齡段越大的已婚女性,生育意愿水平與年齡呈負(fù)相關(guān),其中年齡段在36-40與對(duì)照組相比具有負(fù)向預(yù)測(cè)作用;以學(xué)歷為初中及以下為對(duì)照組,隨著學(xué)歷的增長(zhǎng),已婚女性的生育意愿水平反而呈負(fù)向增長(zhǎng);隨著一起居住的長(zhǎng)輩數(shù)量的增多,已婚女性在生育意愿水平上呈增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)。女性生育意愿在婚齡、居住地、年收入、單位類(lèi)型、長(zhǎng)輩生活是否能自理上不具有顯著性差異。(2)在個(gè)體層面的影響因素上,夫妻支持對(duì)已婚女性生育意愿有顯著正向預(yù)測(cè)作用,表明夫妻支持水平越高,已婚女性生育意愿就越強(qiáng)烈。性別角色認(rèn)同中已婚女性的男性特質(zhì)認(rèn)同對(duì)已婚女性生育意愿有顯著正向預(yù)測(cè)作用,已婚女性的女性特質(zhì)認(rèn)同也對(duì)已婚女性生育意愿有顯著正向預(yù)測(cè)作用,說(shuō)明無(wú)論已婚女性的男性特質(zhì)還是女性特質(zhì),水平越高,她們的生育意愿水平也越高;依戀風(fēng)格對(duì)已婚女性生育意愿無(wú)顯著預(yù)測(cè)作用;。(3)在城市層面的影響因素上,城市人均GDP水平對(duì)已婚女性生育意愿有顯著負(fù)向預(yù)測(cè)作用,即城市人均GDP越高,已婚女性生育意愿水平越低;家族文化中華南區(qū)域的家族文化對(duì)已婚女性生育意愿有顯著正向預(yù)測(cè)作用,其它區(qū)域無(wú)顯著預(yù)測(cè)作用。
[Abstract]:China is a populous country, population growth has been the focus of our attention since the founding of the people's Republic of China. In the face of the persistent low fertility rate, China has adopted some policies to make adjustments. Including the recent "two-child policy," but the results are still not up to experts' expectations. So, identify the key factors that affect married women's willingness to have children. It has important reference significance for the government to introduce the measures to promote the two-child policy. The fertility will be influenced by culture, economy and politics, which generally includes the sex of the children and the number of children. In this study, the average GDP level, family culture and other social factors and marital support, attachment style were analyzed. Gender role identity and other individual factors to explore the impact of married women reproductive willingness factors. This study collected a total of 30 cities from 450 married women valid questionnaire. A multilevel linear analysis model was used to exclude the effects of mixed factors, including age, marriage age, residence, educational background and unit type of married women. To explore the influence factors of married women's fertility intention. The conclusion of the study is: 1) married women have significant differences in age, educational background and the number of elders living. The married women aged 18-25 years were taken as the control group. The older the married women were, the negative correlation was found between the fertility intention level and the age, in which the age group in 36-40 had a negative predictive effect compared with the control group. With the educational background as the junior middle school and below as the control group, with the increase of educational background, married women's fertility willingness level increased negatively; With the increase in the number of elders living together, married women have an increasing trend in the level of fertility willingness. Women's reproductive willingness in marriage age, place of residence, annual income, unit type. On the individual level, marital support has a significant positive predictive effect on married women's fertility willingness, indicating that the higher the level of support between husband and wife, the higher the level of marital support. The male trait identity of married women in gender role identity has a significant positive predictive effect on married women's fertility intention. The female trait identity of married women also has a significant positive predictive effect on married women's fertility intention, indicating that the higher the level of married women's male trait and female trait, the higher their fertility willingness level. Attachment style had no significant predictive effect on the fertility intention of married women. (3) on the urban level, the average GDP level in cities has a significantly negative predictive effect on married women's fertility willingness, that is, the higher the per capita GDP in cities, the lower the level of married women's fertility willingness; The family culture in the south of China has a significant positive predictive effect on the fertility intention of married women, but no significant predictive effect in other regions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B848

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