本文關鍵詞： 群際威脅 攻擊 自我控制　出處：《西南大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：攻擊是人類社會普遍存在的一種現(xiàn)象,也是社會心理學領域的一個研究熱點。關于攻擊的影響因素,已有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)群際威脅能夠直接導致消極的群體行為產(chǎn)生,抑制或增強原有行為的消極程度。當內(nèi)群體成員感受到外群體規(guī)模、勢力更大時,現(xiàn)實威脅會導致對外群體的對抗行為,引發(fā)強烈的群際侵犯和沖突�，F(xiàn)實威脅和象征威脅都有相同的消極后果,如偏見、認知準確性下降、攻擊性集群事件等。有關自我控制資源對攻擊性的影響研究發(fā)現(xiàn),相比自我控制的個體,沒有自我控制的個體會表現(xiàn)出更多的攻擊行為,自我控制能夠顯著的負向預測攻擊行為。群際威脅會對被威脅的群體或個體造成一系列消極后果,包括情緒反應、認知反應和行為反應三個方面,且無論主觀感知到的群際威脅是否真實存在,都會引起真實的結果。以往研究發(fā)現(xiàn),群際威脅與攻擊之間存在顯著相關關系,感知到的群際威脅會使人們對外群體產(chǎn)生消極的態(tài)度和情感,如生氣、焦慮、害怕,同時也能激活多種消極行為,如歧視、對立、敵對、沖突和暴力行為,其中對立、敵對、沖突和暴力行為都屬于攻擊行為。同時,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)諸如憤怒、生氣等消極情緒能直接導致攻擊行為,消極情緒也能導致更差的自我控制。因此,在群際威脅情境下,被威脅群體體驗到威脅感,引發(fā)消極情緒,可能會導致攻擊傾向的增強,以及自我控制能力的減弱。另一方面,群際威脅與執(zhí)行功能的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),個體感受到偏見以及刻板印象威脅時,其執(zhí)行功能會下降,并繼而出現(xiàn)控制失敗如攻擊增強等。我國實行強制性分類的居民身份制度,由此形成了農(nóng)村和城市、農(nóng)民和市民兩種基本的地域群體和身份群體。以往研究結果都表明兩個群體間存在顯著的社會差異,并存在內(nèi)隱偏見和刻板印象。本文以農(nóng)村籍大學生為被試群體,探究在感受到來自城市籍大學生的群際威脅時,是否會引起其強烈的情緒和行為反應(攻擊),以及自我控制在其中的影響作用。本文通過三個研究來探討不同類型的群際威脅對攻擊的影響,以及自我控制在其中的作用。研究一通過實驗室實驗,采用單因素實驗設計,探討在現(xiàn)實群際威脅情境下,現(xiàn)實威脅與攻擊的關系,以及自我控制在其中的作用;研究二同樣采用單因素實驗設計,探究在象征群際威脅下,象征威脅與攻擊的關系,以及自我控制在其中的作用;研究三通過實驗室實驗,探討群際焦慮與攻擊的關系,以及自我控制在其中的作用。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)現(xiàn)實威脅和群際焦慮對攻擊有顯著影響,現(xiàn)實威脅顯著負向預測攻擊,群際焦慮—狀態(tài)焦慮和特質(zhì)焦慮都顯著正向預測攻擊;(2)自我控制在現(xiàn)實威脅與攻擊中起部分中介作用,自我控制在群際焦慮—狀態(tài)焦慮和特質(zhì)焦慮與攻擊之間起完全中介作用;(3)無論是何種類型威脅以及威脅是否存在,自我控制與攻擊呈顯著負向相關關系;(4)自我控制和攻擊與消極情緒之間互相影響,消極情緒能顯著影響自我控制和攻擊,反之,自我控制和攻擊也能影響消極情緒。
[Abstract]:The attack is a common phenomenon in human society, it is also a research hotspot in the field of social psychology. The influencing factors on the attack, it has been found that intergroup threat can directly lead to the negative group behavior, negative degree of inhibition or enhancement the original behavior. When group members feel outside the group size, more powerful when a real threat against behavior will lead to foreign groups, caused strong intergroup aggression and conflict. The real threat and symbolic threat had negative consequences, such as the same cognitive bias, accuracy decline, aggressive group events. The self control resource of aggressive, compared to individual self control that will have no self control show more aggressive behavior, self control could negatively predict aggressive behavior. The intergroup threat of threatened populations or individuals made A series of negative consequences, including emotional reactions, three aspects of cognitive and behavioral responses, and whether the real existence of intergroup threat perceived, will cause actual results. Previous studies have found that there was a significant relationship between the intergroup threat and attack, the perception of intergroup threat will cause people to foreign groups have negative attitudes and emotions, such as anger, anxiety, fear, but also can activate many negative behaviors, such as discrimination, hostility, confrontation, conflict and violence, including opposition, hostility, conflict and violence are on aggressive behavior. At the same time, the study found that such as anger, anger and other negative emotions can lead directly to aggressive behavior, negative emotions can also lead to worse self control. Therefore, in the context of intergroup threat, threatened groups to experience the sense of threat, causing negative emotions, may lead to increased aggression and self. I weakened control. On the other hand, the research of intergroup threat and executive function that individuals feel prejudice and stereotype threat, their executive function will decline, and then failed to control such as attack enhancement. Mandatory classification of China's implementation of the identity system, thus forming the countryside and the city, farmers and citizens of two basic geographical groups and status groups. Previous research results show that the existence of social differences between the two groups, and the existence of implicit prejudice and stereotypes. The rural college students as subjects to explore the group, intergroup threat from city college students in feeling, whether due to its strong emotional and behavioral responses (attack), and the role of self control. Through three studies to examine the effects of different types of intergroup threat of attack, and self control The role of research. Through laboratory experiments, the single factor experiment, discussed in the realistic intergroup threat situation, the real threats and attacks, and self control in which the role of two; also used a single factor experimental design, research in the symbolic intergroup threat, the relationship between the symbol of threats and attacks self control, and the role of three; through laboratory experiments to investigate the relationship between intergroup anxiety and aggression, and self control in the role. The study found that: (1) a real threat and intergroup anxiety attack have a significant effect, a real threat to negative attacks, intergroup anxiety and state anxiety have positive prediction and trait anxiety attack; (2) self control plays a part intermediary role in the real threat and attack, self control end between intergroup anxiety, state anxiety and trait anxiety and aggression All the intermediary role; (3) no matter what type of threats and threats, self control has a significant negative correlation with attack; (4) between self control and attack and negative emotions influence each other, negative emotions can significantly affect the self control and self control and attack, on the other hand, the attack can also affect negative emotions.

【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B848

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