本文關鍵詞： 情緒啟動 工作記憶廣度 大學生　出處：《陜西師范大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：為了適應社會發(fā)展的需要,人們更加重視科學有效的學習,因此影響學習的各種因素越來越受到關注,其中有關于情緒的研究日益增多。情緒對人的心理健康、生活和工作有重要作用。“心寧則智生,智生則事成。”我國四書之一的《大學》說：“知止而后有定,定而后能靜,靜而后能安,安而后能慮,慮而后能得�！痹谂囵B(yǎng)學習型人才的同時,人們體現(xiàn)了作為學習接受者的一些生理特點,教育者們也改進了教育方法,而工作記憶是學習中不可缺少的心理生理機制。因此,情緒的合理調節(jié)可以使工作記憶廣度擴大,提高學習效率。工作記憶作為一種認知機制,在人們的學習中起到了不可替代的作用,是決定一個人能否完成工作任務的一個重要條件。工作記憶廣度是情緒啟動對工作記憶影響研究的重點,起著至關重要的作用,對此的合理干預可以影響學習者的學習效率與知識獲得。國內外有關工作記憶的研究已經(jīng)較為成熟,但是將工作記憶廣度作為指標探索情緒啟動對工作記憶的影響還尚未完善。 本研究以隨機抽樣的方法選取了79名大學生為被試,探索情緒啟動對工作記憶廣度的影響。大學生是未來社會的中堅力量,所以努力完善情緒啟動和工作記憶研究,提高情緒管理和工作記憶能力水平,對于建設學習型人才社會,推動社會發(fā)展具有現(xiàn)實意義。本研究預期以情緒刺激材料的類型為切入點,通過激發(fā)被試的正負性情緒,考察不同情緒對工作記憶廣度的作用。使學習者和教育者對情緒啟動有一個相對準確的認識,為教育教學工作提供依據(jù)。 本研究回顧了情緒啟動、工作記憶及情緒啟動與工作記憶廣度的相關研究,根據(jù)情緒刺激材料類型(圖片、聲音、視頻)的不同設計了三個實驗,將情緒效價(正性、負性)作為每個實驗的自變量,運用E-prime2.0施測。實驗一采用圖片作為情緒刺激材料,被試在正性和負性情緒效價的圖片呈現(xiàn)后,分別完成言語工作記憶廣度任務和空間工作記憶廣度任務；實驗二采用聲音作為情緒刺激材料,被試在正性和負性情緒效價的聲音呈現(xiàn)后,分別完成言語工作記憶廣度任務和空間工作記憶廣度任務；實驗三采用視頻作為情緒刺激材料,被試在正性和負性情緒效價的視頻呈現(xiàn)后,分別完成言語工作記憶廣度任務和空間工作記憶廣度任務。結果發(fā)現(xiàn)：不同性別對空間工作記憶廣度的影響差異顯著；不同情緒效價對言語工作記憶廣度的影響差異顯著；不同情緒刺激材料對言語和空間工作記憶廣度的影響均差異顯著；言語反應時在情緒刺激材料與情緒效價上的交互效應顯著,空間反應時在情緒刺激材料與性別上的交互效應顯著。 通過對實驗結果的數(shù)據(jù)分析和討論,得出研究的主要結論： (1)男性在解決空間工作記憶廣度任務上比女性更有優(yōu)勢。 (2)正性情緒的情緒啟動效應效果比負性情緒好。 (3)圖片作為情緒刺激材料的啟動效應效果最佳。
[Abstract]:In order to meet the needs of social development, people pay more attention to scientific and effective learning, so the influence of various factors of learning more and more attention, more and more research on the emotion which has increased. The mood of people's mental health, life and work have an important role. "Ning Zezhi, wisdom is one of China's four things." the < > University said: "then there is only known to be, will then be able to quiet, quiet and then to safety, security and then be able to consider, consider and then can get." in the training of learning talent at the same time, some people reflect the physiological characteristics of the recipient's learning, educators also improved the education method, and work the physiological mechanism of learning memory is indispensable in psychology. Therefore, reasonable adjustment can make the working memory to expand the breadth of emotions, improve the learning efficiency. Working memory as a cognitive mechanism, in people's learning plays an irreplaceable role That is an important condition to determine whether a person can complete the task. Working memory span is the focus of the study of affective priming effect on working memory, plays a vital role in the reasonable intervention can affect the learning efficiency and acquiring knowledge. Domestic and foreign research related working memory has been more mature, but will working memory span as indicators to explore the priming effect on working memory is not perfect.
In this study, the random sampling method to select 79 college students as subjects, explore the priming effect on working memory span. College students are the backbone of the future society, so to improve the research and start working memory to improve mood, emotional management and working memory capacity level, for the construction of learning society, has practical significance promote the development of the society. This study is expected to types of stimuli as the breakthrough point, through positive and negative emotion to stimulate the subjects, the effects of different breadth of emotion on working memory. The learners and educators have a relatively accurate understanding of emotion priming, provide the basis for the work of Education and teaching.
This study reviews the related research of emotion priming, working memory and emotion and working memory span, according to the types of stimuli (images, sound, video) of different design three experiments, the emotional valence (positive, negative) as independent variable for each experiment, using E-prime2.0 experimental measurement. Using the pictures as stimuli, subjects were presented in positive and negative emotional pictures, complete verbal working memory span task and spatial working memory span task; experiment two using voice as emotional stimuli materials, subjects in the positive and negative emotional valence sound presentation, respectively verbal working memory span task and spatial working memory span task; experiment three used as video stimuli, subjects were presented in positive and negative emotional valence of the video, were completed speech down The memory span task and spatial working memory span task. The results showed: the influence of different gender on spatial working memory span difference; effect of different emotional valence on verbal working memory span was significant difference; effect of different stimuli on verbal and spatial working memory range significantly; verbal response in emotional stimulus interaction material and emotional valence on the significant spatial response in emotional stimulus materials and gender interaction effect was significant.
Through the analysis and discussion of the data of the experimental results, the main conclusions of the study are obtained.
(1) men have more advantages than women in solving space working memory span tasks.
(2) the effect of positive emotional priming effect is better than negative emotion.
(3) the effect of the picture as an emotional stimulus is the best.

【學位授予單位】：陜西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842.3

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