肯定性行動(dòng)是美國(guó)民權(quán)政策的一個(gè)重要組成部分,其內(nèi)容不僅涉及到美國(guó)社會(huì)中最敏感的種族問(wèn)題,而且還牽涉到憲法、傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀、政治認(rèn)同、社會(huì)文化等一系列問(wèn)題,因此研究肯定性行動(dòng)有助于加深我們對(duì)美國(guó)社會(huì)的進(jìn)一步了解�？隙ㄐ孕袆�(dòng)是美國(guó)民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)高漲的產(chǎn)物。從六十年代中期開(kāi)始到八十年代初是肯定性行動(dòng)興盛的時(shí)期�？隙ㄐ孕袆�(dòng)的確在緩和種族矛盾、增加黑人及其他少數(shù)族裔的就業(yè)和入學(xué)機(jī)會(huì)以及提高他們的社會(huì)地位方面發(fā)揮了重要的作用。然而肯定性行動(dòng)自出臺(tái)之日就不斷引起人們的爭(zhēng)論。八十年代初,保守主義成為美國(guó)社會(huì)的主要思潮,直接影響到聯(lián)邦政府的民權(quán)政策,此外,黑人中產(chǎn)階級(jí)崛起。越來(lái)越多的白人聲稱遭受“反向歧視”,對(duì)肯定性行動(dòng)表示不滿�？隙ㄐ孕袆�(dòng)因而逐漸受到政府的限制而開(kāi)始走下坡路。本文簡(jiǎn)要介紹了肯定性行動(dòng)的出臺(tái),并通過(guò)案例對(duì)肯定性行動(dòng)的興盛和衰落進(jìn)行研究,通過(guò)分析,筆者得出結(jié)論,即肯定性行動(dòng)的興衰主要受到以下三個(gè)因素影響,即時(shí)代背景、社會(huì)思潮和政府態(tài)度。這三種因素形成一種合力,不僅影響了肯定性行動(dòng)的興衰起落,而且還將繼續(xù)影響肯定性行動(dòng)未來(lái)的走向。 

【文章來(lái)源】：外交學(xué)院北京市

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：57 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Origin of Affirmative Action: A Literature Review
    2.1 Civil Rights Movement: Beginning of Affirmative Action
    2.2 Civil Rights Act of 1964
        2.2.1 Equal Opportunity
        2.2.2 Establishment of Civil Rights Act of 1964
    2.3 Executive Orde111246: Cornerstone of Affirmative Action
    2.4 OFCCP: Ultimate Establishment of Affirmative Action
Chapter 3 Factors behind the Rise of Affirmative Action
    3.1 Social Context
        3.1.1 A New Image of Blacks
        3.1.2 Rapid Development of Mass Media
    3.2 Prevailing Ideas
    3.3 Political Climate
        3.3.1 Nixon Administration’s Attitude
        3.3.2 Carter Administration’s Attitude
    3.4 Case Study: Griggs v. Duke Power Co
        3.4.1 Background
        3.4.2 Decision of Courts
Chapter 4 Factors behind the Fall of Affirmative Action
    4.1 Social Context
        4.1.1 Economic Achievements of African Americans
        4.1.2 Increasing Influence of Conservative Forces
    4.2 Prevailing Ideas
        4.2.1 Arguments against Compensation
        4.2.2 Issue of Racial Identity and White Opinions
        4.2.3 Argument of Reverse Discrimination
    4.3 Political Climate
        4.3.1 Regan Administration’s Attitude
        4.3.2 Bush Administration’s Attitude
    4.4 Case Study: City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co
        4.4.1 Background
        4.4.2 Decision of Courts
Chapter 5 Conclusion
Bibliography



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