發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-20 13:33

【摘要】：伊朗作為中東大國(guó)之一,不僅擁有著輝煌的歷史背景、深厚的文化底蘊(yùn)、特殊的地理位置和豐富的自然資源,而且其有別于其他國(guó)家的政治體制和特殊的內(nèi)外政策使得它在國(guó)際上備受矚目。其中,存在了半個(gè)世紀(jì)的巴列維王朝(1925-1979年)更是伊朗歷史上一個(gè)具有特殊意義和影響的時(shí)期。本文內(nèi)容旨在對(duì)于伊朗巴列維王朝時(shí)期威權(quán)主義形成的背景、原因、發(fā)展的模式、改革的措施以及其潛在的政治弊端進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要的分析,試圖對(duì)巴列維王朝時(shí)期的威權(quán)主義進(jìn)行梳理研究。 第一章引言部分對(duì)于國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究成果進(jìn)行了綜述,并對(duì)于本文進(jìn)行研究的伊朗巴列維王朝時(shí)期的威權(quán)主義進(jìn)行了概述。 第二章內(nèi)容對(duì)于禮薩·汗是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)的威權(quán)統(tǒng)治進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的論述,禮薩·汗通過(guò)實(shí)施內(nèi)政制度和社會(huì)世俗化的改革達(dá)到了強(qiáng)化威權(quán)統(tǒng)治的目的,并且掀開(kāi)了建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家的新篇章。然而,禮薩·汗為強(qiáng)化威權(quán)統(tǒng)治所進(jìn)行的改革暗存隱患,其絕對(duì)威權(quán)的個(gè)人形象、暴斂財(cái)富、實(shí)施高壓政策、對(duì)政治官員的大清洗以及政治監(jiān)視這些威權(quán)統(tǒng)治下的表現(xiàn)更是突出了其潛在的政治弊端。 第三章巴列維國(guó)王時(shí)期的威權(quán)主義有五個(gè)部分組成,分別是威權(quán)統(tǒng)治的重建過(guò)程、“白色革命”與威權(quán)統(tǒng)治的強(qiáng)化、威權(quán)統(tǒng)治的支柱、美國(guó)利益與威權(quán)統(tǒng)治的關(guān)系以及威權(quán)統(tǒng)治的危機(jī)。前兩個(gè)部分主要論述的是巴列維國(guó)王時(shí)期威權(quán)統(tǒng)治實(shí)現(xiàn)的措施,其中“白色革命”的實(shí)施奠定了小巴列維的極權(quán)地位。第三第四部分論述的是威權(quán)統(tǒng)治的國(guó)內(nèi)外因素,與美國(guó)的“特殊關(guān)系”是小巴列維能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)威權(quán)統(tǒng)治的重要因素。最后一部分對(duì)于威權(quán)統(tǒng)治的危機(jī)進(jìn)行了論述。 第四章結(jié)語(yǔ)部分是對(duì)于整個(gè)巴列維王朝時(shí)期兩代君主威權(quán)統(tǒng)治進(jìn)行的比較和總結(jié)。由于大小巴列維是父子關(guān)系,所以他們?cè)趯?shí)現(xiàn)威權(quán)統(tǒng)治的手段上幾乎如出一轍,唯有在對(duì)待外國(guó)的“幫助”立場(chǎng)上分歧較大。然而,正是小巴列維有別于禮薩·汗的這種立場(chǎng)和態(tài)度,給伊朗人民留下了攻擊的口實(shí),使得巴列維王朝最終走向了萬(wàn)劫不復(fù)的深淵。
[Abstract]:As one of the great powers in the Middle East, Iran not only has a brilliant historical background, profound cultural heritage, special geographical position and rich natural resources, but also is different from the political system and special internal and external policies of other countries, so that it has attracted much attention in the international community. Among them, the Balevi dynasty (1925-1979), which existed for half a century, is a period of special significance and influence in Iranian history. The purpose of this paper is to briefly analyze the background, reasons, development model, reform measures and its potential political malpractices of authoritarianism during the Balevi dynasty in Iran, and to try to sort out the authoritarianism during the Balevi dynasty. In the first chapter, the introduction summarizes the research results at home and abroad, and summarizes the authoritarianism of the Balevi dynasty in Iran. The second chapter discusses in detail how to realize the authoritarian rule of Lisa Khan. Lisa Khan has achieved the purpose of strengthening authoritarian rule through the implementation of the internal affairs system and the reform of social secularization, and opened a new chapter of building a modern country. However, there are hidden dangers in the reform of Lisa Khan to strengthen authoritarian rule. His personal image of absolute authoritarianism, the collection of wealth, the implementation of high-pressure policies, the purge of political officials and political surveillance have highlighted their potential political malpractices. The third chapter is composed of five parts: the reconstruction process of authoritarian rule, the strengthening of "white revolution" and authoritarian rule, the pillar of authoritarian rule, the relationship between American interests and authoritarian rule, and the crisis of authoritarian rule. The first two parts mainly discuss the measures to realize the authoritarian rule in the period of King Barey, in which the implementation of the "white revolution" established the totalitarian position of Little Ballev. The third and fourth part discusses the domestic and foreign factors of authoritarian rule, and the "special relationship" with the United States is an important factor in the realization of authoritarian rule. The last part discusses the crisis of authoritarian rule. The fourth chapter concludes with the comparison and summary of the authoritarian rule of the two generations of monarchs in the whole period of the Bavi Dynasty. Since big and small Ballevi is a father-son relationship, they are almost the same in the means of authoritarian rule, but differ greatly in their position of "help" to foreign countries. However, it is the position and attitude of Little Balevi, which is different from Reza Khan, that leaves an attack on the Iranian people, which makes the Balevi dynasty finally go to the abyss of irrevocable destruction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K373

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本文編號(hào)：2503258