【摘要】： 從美國(guó)建立到19世紀(jì)末,美俄之間的關(guān)系相對(duì)友好,但不密切。19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初,因?yàn)閯?shì)力范圍的爭(zhēng)奪,兩國(guó)關(guān)系惡化。一戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)后,兩國(guó)的關(guān)系又有所好轉(zhuǎn)。但是,隨著一戰(zhàn)的持續(xù)進(jìn)行,俄國(guó)的局勢(shì)逐漸惡化,美國(guó)的對(duì)俄政策也陷入困境。 1917年3月,俄國(guó)爆發(fā)了二月革命,推翻了羅曼洛夫王朝。美國(guó)熱情歡迎俄國(guó)民主的到來并加入了一戰(zhàn)。為了對(duì)俄國(guó)局勢(shì)施加影響,美國(guó)采取了一定的措施。但是俄國(guó)還是出現(xiàn)了美國(guó)所不愿看到的局面——十月革命爆發(fā)。為鞏固政權(quán),新生的蘇維埃政府決定退出這場(chǎng)帝國(guó)主義戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),美國(guó)的外交因此陷入了困境——既要阻止俄國(guó)退出戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),又要堅(jiān)持反布爾什維克,還要防止日本趁機(jī)侵占俄國(guó)。美國(guó)在經(jīng)歷了觀望、猶豫后,最終走上了武裝干涉俄國(guó)的道路。1918年11月,一戰(zhàn)結(jié)束,協(xié)約國(guó)打敗了同盟國(guó),俄國(guó)沒有落入德國(guó)之手。但蘇維埃政府逐漸穩(wěn)定、鞏固了政權(quán),并且十月革命的影響傳播到了世界各地。面對(duì)棘手的“俄羅斯問題”,美國(guó)又調(diào)整了其對(duì)俄政策。 本文主要是對(duì)1917—1919年的美國(guó)對(duì)俄政策進(jìn)行考察,關(guān)注政策的形成過程,揭示美國(guó)對(duì)俄政策的特點(diǎn),分析其原因,最后論述了威爾遜政府的對(duì)俄政策影響。
[Abstract]:From the founding of the United States to the end of the 19th century, the relations between the United States and Russia were relatively friendly, but not close. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the relations between the two countries deteriorated because of the struggle for sphere of influence. After the outbreak of World War I, the relations between the two countries improved again. However, with the continuation of World War I, the situation in Russia is gradually deteriorating, and the American policy towards Russia is also in trouble. In March 1917, the February revolution broke out in Russia, overthrowing the Romanov dynasty. The United States warmly welcomed the arrival of Russian democracy and joined the first World War. In order to exert influence on the situation in Russia, the United States has taken certain measures. But there was a situation in Russia that the United States did not want to see-the October Revolution broke out. In order to consolidate the regime, the new Soviet government decided to withdraw from the imperialist war, and American diplomacy was in trouble-not only to stop Russia from pulling out of the war, but also to insist on opposing the Bolsheviks, and to prevent Japan from taking the opportunity to invade Russia. After waiting and hesitating, the United States finally embarked on the path of armed intervention in Russia. In November 1918, at the end of World War I, the allies defeated the allies and Russia did not fall into the hands of Germany. But the Soviet government gradually stabilized, consolidated the regime, and the influence of the October Revolution spread around the world. In the face of the thorny "Russian issue," the United States has adjusted its policy towards Russia. This paper mainly investigates the American policy towards Russia from 1917 to 1919, pays attention to the formation process of the policy, reveals the characteristics of the American policy towards Russia, analyzes its reasons, and finally discusses the influence of the Wilson government's policy towards Russia.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：K712

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