當代中俄學(xué)界關(guān)于葉卡捷琳娜二世外交政策研究的對比分析
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-11 20:51
【摘要】：葉卡捷琳娜二世是俄羅斯歷史上偉大的統(tǒng)治者。18世紀下半葉,在她的統(tǒng)治之下,俄羅斯走向繁榮富強,躋身歐洲強國之列。不得不說,她的外交政策確有過人之處。一直以來,俄羅斯史學(xué)家對葉卡捷琳娜二世外交政策的研究未曾停歇,女皇積極的外交政策也引起了中國學(xué)者的興趣。葉卡捷琳娜二世的外交政策可以說是全世界學(xué)者最熱衷研究的俄國史問題之一。本文旨在通過介紹和分析當代中俄文獻中有關(guān)葉卡捷琳娜二世外交政策的論述,探討當代中俄學(xué)界有關(guān)該問題研究的發(fā)展歷程和階段特點,分析和比較兩國研究的異同和優(yōu)缺點,為中國學(xué)者研究葉卡捷琳娜二世的外交問題提供一些材料來源和觀點啟發(fā),為深入研究女皇外交問題提供幫助。毫無疑問,俄羅斯學(xué)者在女皇外交政策研究這一課題上具有明顯優(yōu)勢。當代俄羅斯史學(xué)界有關(guān)女皇外交政策的研究大致分為兩個階段：蘇維埃政權(quán)時期和后蘇聯(lián)時期。蘇維埃政權(quán)時期有關(guān)葉卡捷琳娜二世外交政策的研究數(shù)量較少、篇幅較小,基本不能構(gòu)成體系,針對性不足,學(xué)者們對女皇的評價趨于“一邊倒”式的批判。進入后蘇聯(lián)時期,隨著舊意識形態(tài)桎梏的消失,不僅出現(xiàn)了大量新的檔案材料,也出現(xiàn)了新的研究角度和觀點�？偟膩碚f,新時期的學(xué)者更加重視發(fā)現(xiàn)葉卡捷琳娜二世外交政策的價值和積極因素,對葉卡捷琳娜二世外交政策的評價越來越正面。中國有關(guān)葉卡捷琳娜二世外交政策的研究相對較弱�？傮w上,中國學(xué)者的觀點相對俄羅斯學(xué)者而言存在著繼承性和滯后性。中國學(xué)者的研究大致可分為三個時期：1949年建國后到50年代末中蘇關(guān)系惡化前、60年代初到70年代末以及80年代至今。中國有關(guān)該問題的研究不僅源于歷史發(fā)展的需要,也適應(yīng)著中國社會的發(fā)展變遷。中國學(xué)者與俄國學(xué)者在資料占有和語言上各成一體,不具有可比性；在價值判斷上存在本質(zhì)不同,中國學(xué)者就某些問題給出了有力的觀點。在中俄共同關(guān)注的18世紀下半葉中俄關(guān)系問題上,學(xué)者們的對話主要集中在政治化的經(jīng)貿(mào)往來和文化交流兩個方面。兩國學(xué)者均以本國母語檔案材料為基礎(chǔ)開展研究,由于各方關(guān)系錯綜復(fù)雜,原始材料并不豐富,雙方記錄也各執(zhí)一詞,后世學(xué)者在解讀時難免眾說紛紜。在解讀歷史細節(jié)時,不同立場的人們關(guān)注的重點往往不同,常常按照自己的理論和邏輯進行解讀。但是,厘清歷史事實,正確認識兩國關(guān)系的過往,不僅有很高的學(xué)術(shù)價值,也對指導(dǎo)當今兩國關(guān)系的發(fā)展具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。在女皇外交的主要方向,如俄土戰(zhàn)爭、瓜分波蘭、應(yīng)對法國大革命等問題的研究上,俄羅斯學(xué)者的研究成果更為豐富多樣。俄羅斯學(xué)者在解釋這些問題時,十分善于發(fā)現(xiàn)民族利益,捍衛(wèi)民族立場。
[Abstract]:Yekaterina II was a great ruler in the history of Russia. In the second half of the 18th century, under her rule, Russia became prosperous and powerful among the European powers. It must be said that her foreign policy is indeed superior. Russian historians have been studying Yekaterina II's foreign policy, and the Queen's active foreign policy has attracted interest from Chinese scholars. Yekaterina II's foreign policy can be said to be one of the most ardent questions in Russian history studied by scholars all over the world. By introducing and analyzing the foreign policy of Yekaterina II in the contemporary Chinese and Russian literature, this paper aims to explore the development process and stage characteristics of the research on this issue in the contemporary Chinese and Russian academic circles. This paper analyzes and compares the similarities and differences between the two countries and their advantages and disadvantages in order to provide some material sources and viewpoints for Chinese scholars to study the diplomatic problems of Yekaterina II and to provide help for the further study of the Queen's diplomacy. There is no doubt that Russian scholars have a clear advantage in the study of the Queen's foreign policy. The research on the Queen's foreign policy in contemporary Russian historiography is divided into two stages: Soviet regime period and post-Soviet period. The research on Yekaterina II's foreign policy during the Soviet regime period was less, less space, basically unable to form a system, inadequate pertinence, scholars' evaluation of the Queen tended to "one-sided" criticism. In the post-Soviet period, with the disappearance of the shackles of the old ideology, not only a lot of new archival materials appeared, but also new research angles and viewpoints emerged. In general, scholars in the new era pay more attention to discovering the value and positive factors of Yekaterina II's foreign policy, and evaluate Yekaterina II's foreign policy more and more positively. China's research on Yekaterina II's foreign policy is relatively weak. Generally speaking, Chinese scholars have inheritance and lag compared with Russian scholars. The research of Chinese scholars can be divided into three periods: from 1949 to the end of the 1950s before the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations, from the early 1960s to the late 1970s and from the 1980s to the present. The research on this issue in China not only stems from the need of historical development, but also adapts to the development and changes of Chinese society. Chinese and Russian scholars are not comparable in terms of data possession and language, and there are essential differences in value judgment. Chinese scholars have put forward some powerful views on some problems. In the second half of the 18th century Sino-Russian relations concerned by China and Russia, scholars' dialogue mainly focuses on two aspects: politicized economic and trade exchanges and cultural exchanges. Scholars of both countries carry out research on the basis of their native language archival materials. Due to the complexity of the relations between the parties, the original materials are not rich, and the records of the two countries are different, the scholars of later generations will inevitably have different opinions in the interpretation. In interpreting historical details, people from different positions tend to focus on different points, often according to their own theory and logic. However, clarifying the historical facts and correctly understanding the past of the relations between the two countries not only has high academic value, but also has important practical significance to guide the development of the relations between the two countries. In the main direction of Queen's diplomacy, such as the Russo-Turkish War, the partition of Poland, the French Revolution and other issues, Russian scholars have more rich and diverse research results. Russian scholars, when explaining these problems, are very good at discovering national interests and defending national positions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K512.3
本文編號：2326096
[Abstract]:Yekaterina II was a great ruler in the history of Russia. In the second half of the 18th century, under her rule, Russia became prosperous and powerful among the European powers. It must be said that her foreign policy is indeed superior. Russian historians have been studying Yekaterina II's foreign policy, and the Queen's active foreign policy has attracted interest from Chinese scholars. Yekaterina II's foreign policy can be said to be one of the most ardent questions in Russian history studied by scholars all over the world. By introducing and analyzing the foreign policy of Yekaterina II in the contemporary Chinese and Russian literature, this paper aims to explore the development process and stage characteristics of the research on this issue in the contemporary Chinese and Russian academic circles. This paper analyzes and compares the similarities and differences between the two countries and their advantages and disadvantages in order to provide some material sources and viewpoints for Chinese scholars to study the diplomatic problems of Yekaterina II and to provide help for the further study of the Queen's diplomacy. There is no doubt that Russian scholars have a clear advantage in the study of the Queen's foreign policy. The research on the Queen's foreign policy in contemporary Russian historiography is divided into two stages: Soviet regime period and post-Soviet period. The research on Yekaterina II's foreign policy during the Soviet regime period was less, less space, basically unable to form a system, inadequate pertinence, scholars' evaluation of the Queen tended to "one-sided" criticism. In the post-Soviet period, with the disappearance of the shackles of the old ideology, not only a lot of new archival materials appeared, but also new research angles and viewpoints emerged. In general, scholars in the new era pay more attention to discovering the value and positive factors of Yekaterina II's foreign policy, and evaluate Yekaterina II's foreign policy more and more positively. China's research on Yekaterina II's foreign policy is relatively weak. Generally speaking, Chinese scholars have inheritance and lag compared with Russian scholars. The research of Chinese scholars can be divided into three periods: from 1949 to the end of the 1950s before the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations, from the early 1960s to the late 1970s and from the 1980s to the present. The research on this issue in China not only stems from the need of historical development, but also adapts to the development and changes of Chinese society. Chinese and Russian scholars are not comparable in terms of data possession and language, and there are essential differences in value judgment. Chinese scholars have put forward some powerful views on some problems. In the second half of the 18th century Sino-Russian relations concerned by China and Russia, scholars' dialogue mainly focuses on two aspects: politicized economic and trade exchanges and cultural exchanges. Scholars of both countries carry out research on the basis of their native language archival materials. Due to the complexity of the relations between the parties, the original materials are not rich, and the records of the two countries are different, the scholars of later generations will inevitably have different opinions in the interpretation. In interpreting historical details, people from different positions tend to focus on different points, often according to their own theory and logic. However, clarifying the historical facts and correctly understanding the past of the relations between the two countries not only has high academic value, but also has important practical significance to guide the development of the relations between the two countries. In the main direction of Queen's diplomacy, such as the Russo-Turkish War, the partition of Poland, the French Revolution and other issues, Russian scholars have more rich and diverse research results. Russian scholars, when explaining these problems, are very good at discovering national interests and defending national positions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K512.3
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