1945-1975年美泰同盟研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-12 20:30
【摘要】：二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以后,美蘇由戰(zhàn)時(shí)的盟友走向了敵對(duì)關(guān)系,國(guó)際格局進(jìn)入以美蘇對(duì)峙為主的兩極格局時(shí)代,冷戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)。面對(duì)新的國(guó)際環(huán)境,美國(guó)一改以往和平時(shí)期不締結(jié)軍事同盟的做法,積極推行同盟戰(zhàn)略,對(duì)蘇聯(lián)及其共產(chǎn)主義勢(shì)力采取遏制政策。憑借著特殊的地緣政治優(yōu)勢(shì)以及靈活的外交手段,泰國(guó)成為美國(guó)在東南亞地區(qū)的“反共堡壘”。1945-1975年這一歷史時(shí)期對(duì)于美泰同盟的形成與發(fā)展尤為關(guān)鍵,因此,本文主要從泰國(guó)的視角對(duì)1945-1975年以來的美泰關(guān)系進(jìn)行分期,即接近時(shí)期、形成時(shí)期、追隨時(shí)期、尋求自主時(shí)期,以美泰關(guān)系發(fā)展中的重大歷史事件為切入點(diǎn),并在此基礎(chǔ)上分析兩國(guó)間的互動(dòng),展現(xiàn)每一時(shí)期美泰關(guān)系發(fā)展的面貌,從而揭示出美泰關(guān)系發(fā)展變化的特點(diǎn)。第一部分主要分析了二戰(zhàn)后美泰的接近過程。二戰(zhàn)后,為何泰國(guó)舍棄其他西方大國(guó)而唯獨(dú)選取美國(guó)作為其保護(hù)國(guó),而美國(guó)為何在東南亞眾多國(guó)家中選擇泰國(guó)結(jié)為同盟。早期美泰交往中,傳教士、美國(guó)顧問等為泰國(guó)的社會(huì)發(fā)展做出貢獻(xiàn);二戰(zhàn)期間,美國(guó)并未接受泰國(guó)的宣戰(zhàn)并支持泰國(guó)的“自由泰”運(yùn)動(dòng),這都奠定了美泰友好的歷史基礎(chǔ)。二戰(zhàn)后,一方面,泰國(guó)面臨著英法等國(guó)的清算,需要尋求美國(guó)的支持,而美國(guó)在二戰(zhàn)后泰國(guó)恢復(fù)主權(quán)與獨(dú)立的過程中給予了其重大的支持與幫助,打下了兩國(guó)友好的基礎(chǔ);另一方面泰國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)政治動(dòng)蕩,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人急需通過尋求援助來獲取穩(wěn)定政權(quán)的政治資源,而面對(duì)不安分的東南亞形勢(shì),美國(guó)也認(rèn)識(shí)到一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的泰國(guó)的重要性,特別是泰國(guó)披汶政權(quán)對(duì)美國(guó)軍事援助的渴望使泰國(guó)進(jìn)一步走向美國(guó)。第二部分主要論述了美泰同盟的形成過程。對(duì)美國(guó)軍事援助的渴望促使披汶的反共態(tài)度日益堅(jiān)定,并在保大政權(quán)、朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)問題上極力展示其反共決心,泰國(guó)至此確立一邊倒的親美外交,走向西方陣營(yíng)。作為回報(bào),美國(guó)也隨之開始對(duì)泰國(guó)進(jìn)行軍事和經(jīng)濟(jì)援助。隨著法國(guó)在印支局勢(shì)的惡化,泰國(guó)又積極配合美國(guó)的印支行動(dòng),美國(guó)逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到泰國(guó)在遏制東南亞地區(qū)共產(chǎn)主義的重要性,1954年美泰結(jié)成正式的盟友關(guān)系。第三部分主要闡述了泰國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)行動(dòng)的追隨。美泰同盟建立后,泰國(guó)的軍人政府繼續(xù)維持親美的外交政策,美泰合作達(dá)到頂峰。老撾危機(jī)期間泰國(guó)對(duì)東南亞條約組織表現(xiàn)出失望,為使泰國(guó)重獲安全信心,美國(guó)再一次申明對(duì)泰國(guó)的安全保證和義務(wù)。美國(guó)侵越戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間,泰國(guó)全力支持美國(guó),提供軍事基地并且派兵出戰(zhàn),成為美國(guó)的得力助手。第四部分主要探討了尼克松主義出臺(tái)后至“馬克亞斯號(hào)”事件期間的美泰同盟。隨著西歐、日本經(jīng)濟(jì)的恢復(fù)和發(fā)展,以美蘇為首的兩極格局開始向多極化發(fā)展。面對(duì)國(guó)際局勢(shì)的變化,美國(guó)開始對(duì)其全球戰(zhàn)略進(jìn)行調(diào)整,尼克松主義的出臺(tái)標(biāo)志著美國(guó)全球戰(zhàn)略的收縮。泰國(guó)外交也出現(xiàn)新方向,即獨(dú)立自主外交,主要表現(xiàn)為與中國(guó)于1975年建交,改善與越南、老撾等鄰國(guó)的關(guān)系等。“馬亞克斯號(hào)”事件中美軍利用越戰(zhàn)期間形成的與泰國(guó)軍方的特殊關(guān)系,無視泰國(guó)政府的立場(chǎng),未經(jīng)泰國(guó)政府允許使用該基地,使美泰關(guān)系陷入低谷。1976年美軍完全撤出泰國(guó)。泰國(guó)開始依靠東南亞國(guó)家聯(lián)盟來尋求安全保障,美泰同盟在安全問題上采取有限合作新形式。最后扼要分析了美泰關(guān)系一直以來發(fā)展良好的原因以及泰國(guó)作為小國(guó)外交的成功典范。在美泰交往的這三十年中,泰國(guó)始終以國(guó)家利益為基準(zhǔn),利用大國(guó)之間的博弈使得本國(guó)利益最大化,充分體現(xiàn)了小國(guó)外交的靈活、務(wù)實(shí)。美泰關(guān)系的變化也伴隨著美國(guó)全球戰(zhàn)略布局的變化而變化,這一時(shí)期的美泰同盟也帶有強(qiáng)烈的冷戰(zhàn)色彩。
[Abstract]:After the end of World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union moved from their wartime allies to hostile relations, and the international situation entered an era of bipolar pattern dominated by the confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union. Faced with the new international environment, the United States changed its previous practice of not forming military alliances in peacetime, actively pursued the alliance strategy, and adopted containment politics against the Soviet Union and its Communist forces. With special geopolitical advantages and flexible diplomatic means, Thailand has become the "anti-communist fortress" of the United States in Southeast Asia. The historical period of 1945-1975 is particularly critical to the formation and development of the US-Thai alliance. Therefore, this paper mainly stages the US-Thai relations since 1945-1975 from the perspective of Thailand. In the recent period, the formation period, the following period, the search for autonomy period, with the major historical events in the development of the relationship between the United States and Thailand as the breakthrough point, and on this basis to analyze the interaction between the two countries, showing the development of the relationship between the United States and Thailand in each period, thus revealing the characteristics of the development and change of the relationship between the United States and Thailand. Why did Thailand choose the United States as its protectorate instead of other Western powers after World War II and why did the United States choose Thailand as an alliance among many countries in Southeast Asia? After World War II, Thailand faced the settlement of Britain, France and other countries, and needed to seek the support of the United States. The United States gave Thailand great support and help in the process of restoring its sovereignty and independence after World War II, which laid the foundation for the friendship between the two countries. In the face of domestic political turmoil in Thailand, leaders urgently need to seek assistance to obtain political resources to stabilize the regime. In the face of the insecure situation in Southeast Asia, the United States also recognizes the importance of a stable Thailand, especially the desire of the Thai regime to provide military assistance to the United States, which leads Thailand to the United States. The desire for U.S. military aid has led to a growing anti-Communist attitude in Penn and a strong demonstration of its anti-Communist determination on the issue of preserving the regime and the Korean War. With the deterioration of France's situation in Indo-China and Thailand's active cooperation with the United States in its Indo-China operations, the United States gradually realized the importance of Thailand in curbing communism in Southeast Asia and formed a formal alliance between the United States and Thailand in 1954. The third part mainly expounds Thailand's follow-up to the United States'action. Thailand's disappointment with the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization during the Laos crisis and its renewed security assurances and obligations to Thailand were affirmed by the United States. During the American invasion of Vietnam, Thailand fully supported the United States, provided military bases and sent troops to war. The fourth part mainly discusses the US-Thai alliance from the Nixon Doctrine to the Max-Yas Incident. With the recovery and development of Western Europe and Japan's economy, the bipolar pattern led by the US and the Soviet Union began to develop towards multi-polarization. In the face of the changes in the international situation, the United States began to adjust its global strategy. The introduction of Nixonism marked the contraction of the U.S. global strategy. In 1976, the U.S. military completely withdrew from Thailand. Thailand began to rely on the Association of Southeast Asian Nations to seek security. The U.S. -Thai alliance took a new form of limited cooperation on security issues. Finally, a brief analysis of the development of U.S. -Thai relations has been made. Thai diplomacy has been a successful example of small countries. Throughout the past 30 years, Thailand has always been benchmarking its national interests and making use of the game between big powers to maximize its own interests, which fully reflects the flexibility and pragmatism of small countries'diplomacy. The changes in US-Thai relations have also been accompanied by changes in the global strategic layout of the United States. The MATTEL alliance in this period also had a strong cold war color.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K153
本文編號(hào)：2240142
[Abstract]:After the end of World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union moved from their wartime allies to hostile relations, and the international situation entered an era of bipolar pattern dominated by the confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union. Faced with the new international environment, the United States changed its previous practice of not forming military alliances in peacetime, actively pursued the alliance strategy, and adopted containment politics against the Soviet Union and its Communist forces. With special geopolitical advantages and flexible diplomatic means, Thailand has become the "anti-communist fortress" of the United States in Southeast Asia. The historical period of 1945-1975 is particularly critical to the formation and development of the US-Thai alliance. Therefore, this paper mainly stages the US-Thai relations since 1945-1975 from the perspective of Thailand. In the recent period, the formation period, the following period, the search for autonomy period, with the major historical events in the development of the relationship between the United States and Thailand as the breakthrough point, and on this basis to analyze the interaction between the two countries, showing the development of the relationship between the United States and Thailand in each period, thus revealing the characteristics of the development and change of the relationship between the United States and Thailand. Why did Thailand choose the United States as its protectorate instead of other Western powers after World War II and why did the United States choose Thailand as an alliance among many countries in Southeast Asia? After World War II, Thailand faced the settlement of Britain, France and other countries, and needed to seek the support of the United States. The United States gave Thailand great support and help in the process of restoring its sovereignty and independence after World War II, which laid the foundation for the friendship between the two countries. In the face of domestic political turmoil in Thailand, leaders urgently need to seek assistance to obtain political resources to stabilize the regime. In the face of the insecure situation in Southeast Asia, the United States also recognizes the importance of a stable Thailand, especially the desire of the Thai regime to provide military assistance to the United States, which leads Thailand to the United States. The desire for U.S. military aid has led to a growing anti-Communist attitude in Penn and a strong demonstration of its anti-Communist determination on the issue of preserving the regime and the Korean War. With the deterioration of France's situation in Indo-China and Thailand's active cooperation with the United States in its Indo-China operations, the United States gradually realized the importance of Thailand in curbing communism in Southeast Asia and formed a formal alliance between the United States and Thailand in 1954. The third part mainly expounds Thailand's follow-up to the United States'action. Thailand's disappointment with the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization during the Laos crisis and its renewed security assurances and obligations to Thailand were affirmed by the United States. During the American invasion of Vietnam, Thailand fully supported the United States, provided military bases and sent troops to war. The fourth part mainly discusses the US-Thai alliance from the Nixon Doctrine to the Max-Yas Incident. With the recovery and development of Western Europe and Japan's economy, the bipolar pattern led by the US and the Soviet Union began to develop towards multi-polarization. In the face of the changes in the international situation, the United States began to adjust its global strategy. The introduction of Nixonism marked the contraction of the U.S. global strategy. In 1976, the U.S. military completely withdrew from Thailand. Thailand began to rely on the Association of Southeast Asian Nations to seek security. The U.S. -Thai alliance took a new form of limited cooperation on security issues. Finally, a brief analysis of the development of U.S. -Thai relations has been made. Thai diplomacy has been a successful example of small countries. Throughout the past 30 years, Thailand has always been benchmarking its national interests and making use of the game between big powers to maximize its own interests, which fully reflects the flexibility and pragmatism of small countries'diplomacy. The changes in US-Thai relations have also been accompanied by changes in the global strategic layout of the United States. The MATTEL alliance in this period also had a strong cold war color.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K153
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