世界大同主義與紐約知識分子的形成
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-11 14:39
【摘要】： 紐約知識分子是一群以《黨派評論》雜志為主要陣地的猶太裔知識分子。他們在戰(zhàn)后美國社會的影響力不容忽視,涉及各個領域。紐約知識分子的成功很大程度上取決于形成時期的一些核心價值觀,很重要的一點就是世界大同主義。世界大同主義在紐約知識分子的形成以及早期激進主義向戰(zhàn)后自由主義的轉變中起的重要作用是本文探討的核心。 世界大同主義的基本含義是世界公民,提倡通過個人的自由發(fā)展來實現全人類的進步。文中所指的世界大同主義提倡文化的發(fā)展及多樣性,既反對消除文化差異,也反對狹隘的文化自閉,希望通過多種文化與文化之間的融合,實現整體社會文化的發(fā)展。同時,世界大同主義認為個人身份認同也是發(fā)展的,個人可以通過文化交流,實現自我全新身份認同。 本文共四章。第一章介紹了紐約知識分子的形成背景。作為第二代猶太移民,紐約知識分子既融不入主流社會,也不想回到父輩的世界。20世紀初,有學者提出美國文化存在文學與社會之間的斷層。舊的價值體系的崩潰需要新的文學在文化傳統中去尋找方向。在這樣的雙重背景下,紐約知識分子接受了世界大同思想,希望通過文化融合來實現美國文學的發(fā)展,也解決移民的身份困惑。 第二章解釋了紐約知識分子接受激進思想,加入共產黨的原因。很重要的一點是馬克思主義含有世界大同的思想,認為文化是一個漸變的過程。紐約知識分子接受的馬克思主義是一種分析方法和價值導向。 第三章分析了紐約知識分子的重要轉變過程,即:從無產階級文學到現代主義文學,從支持共產黨到反對斯大林。這也是紐約知識分子形成的特征�！饵h派評論》的早期文章反映了紐約知識分子期望的無產階級文學是文學美學性與革命性的融合,然后無產階級文學為政治所用,過于革命性,忽視了美學價值。1937到1939年間發(fā)生的莫斯科審判以及共產黨推行的人民陣線運動等讓紐約知識分子進一步認清斯大林的集權思想。這嚴重背離了世界大同的初衷。脫離共產黨成為必然選擇。 第四章中,紐約知識分子逐漸放棄了激進主義思想,成為自由主義者。紐約變得更加世界大同化。推力與拉力的作用下,紐約知識分子回歸了美國社會。 最后,紐約知識分子是個非常獨特的群體。他們的世界大同主義價值觀影響了戰(zhàn)后美國社會政治、文化的方方面面,也為20世紀后期美國社會的右傾做出了很大貢獻。
[Abstract]:New York intellectuals are a group of Jewish intellectuals whose main position is Party Review magazine. Their influence in postwar American society cannot be ignored, covering all fields. The success of New York intellectuals depends largely on some of the core values of the formative period. The formation of New York intellectuals and the transformation of early radicalism to postwar liberalism are the core of this paper. The basic meaning of world unionism is that the citizens of the world advocate the progress of all mankind through the free development of the individual. The world unionism in this paper advocates the development and diversity of culture, opposes both the elimination of cultural differences and the narrow cultural autistic, and hopes to realize the development of the whole social culture through the fusion of various cultures and cultures. At the same time, the world unionism holds that personal identity is also developed, and individuals can realize their new identity through cultural exchange. There are four chapters in this paper. The first chapter introduces the formation background of New York intellectuals. As the second generation of Jewish immigrants, New York intellectuals neither melt into the mainstream society nor return to the world of their parents. At the beginning of the 20th century, some scholars pointed out that there is a gap between literature and society in American culture. The collapse of the old value system requires new literature to find its way through cultural traditions. Under this dual background, New York intellectuals accepted the idea of world harmony, hoping to achieve the development of American literature through cultural integration, and to solve the identity confusion of immigrants. The second chapter explains why New York intellectuals accepted radical ideas and joined the Communist Party. It is very important that Marxism contains the idea of world unity and that culture is a gradual process. The Marxism accepted by New York intellectuals is a kind of analytical method and value orientation. The third chapter analyzes the important transformation process of New York intellectuals, that is, from proletarian literature to modernist literature, from supporting the Communist Party to opposing Stalin. This was also the characteristic of the formation of New York intellectuals. The early articles of the Party Review reflected that the proletarian literature that New York intellectuals expected was a combination of literary aesthetics and revolution, and then proletarian literature was used for politics and was too revolutionary. Ignoring the aesthetic value between 1937 and 1939, the Moscow trial and the people's Front Movement promoted by the Communist Party made New York intellectuals more aware of Stalin's totalitarian thought. This seriously deviates from the original intention of the world's Great Harmony. Separation from the Communist Party became an inevitable choice. In the fourth chapter, New York intellectuals gradually give up radicalism and become liberals. New York has become more cosmopolitan. Under the influence of thrust and pull, New York intellectuals returned to American society. Finally, New York intellectuals are a very unique group. Their cosmopolitan values influenced the political and cultural aspects of postwar American society, and also contributed greatly to the right-leaning of American society in the late 20th century.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K712.5
本文編號：2236979
[Abstract]:New York intellectuals are a group of Jewish intellectuals whose main position is Party Review magazine. Their influence in postwar American society cannot be ignored, covering all fields. The success of New York intellectuals depends largely on some of the core values of the formative period. The formation of New York intellectuals and the transformation of early radicalism to postwar liberalism are the core of this paper. The basic meaning of world unionism is that the citizens of the world advocate the progress of all mankind through the free development of the individual. The world unionism in this paper advocates the development and diversity of culture, opposes both the elimination of cultural differences and the narrow cultural autistic, and hopes to realize the development of the whole social culture through the fusion of various cultures and cultures. At the same time, the world unionism holds that personal identity is also developed, and individuals can realize their new identity through cultural exchange. There are four chapters in this paper. The first chapter introduces the formation background of New York intellectuals. As the second generation of Jewish immigrants, New York intellectuals neither melt into the mainstream society nor return to the world of their parents. At the beginning of the 20th century, some scholars pointed out that there is a gap between literature and society in American culture. The collapse of the old value system requires new literature to find its way through cultural traditions. Under this dual background, New York intellectuals accepted the idea of world harmony, hoping to achieve the development of American literature through cultural integration, and to solve the identity confusion of immigrants. The second chapter explains why New York intellectuals accepted radical ideas and joined the Communist Party. It is very important that Marxism contains the idea of world unity and that culture is a gradual process. The Marxism accepted by New York intellectuals is a kind of analytical method and value orientation. The third chapter analyzes the important transformation process of New York intellectuals, that is, from proletarian literature to modernist literature, from supporting the Communist Party to opposing Stalin. This was also the characteristic of the formation of New York intellectuals. The early articles of the Party Review reflected that the proletarian literature that New York intellectuals expected was a combination of literary aesthetics and revolution, and then proletarian literature was used for politics and was too revolutionary. Ignoring the aesthetic value between 1937 and 1939, the Moscow trial and the people's Front Movement promoted by the Communist Party made New York intellectuals more aware of Stalin's totalitarian thought. This seriously deviates from the original intention of the world's Great Harmony. Separation from the Communist Party became an inevitable choice. In the fourth chapter, New York intellectuals gradually give up radicalism and become liberals. New York has become more cosmopolitan. Under the influence of thrust and pull, New York intellectuals returned to American society. Finally, New York intellectuals are a very unique group. Their cosmopolitan values influenced the political and cultural aspects of postwar American society, and also contributed greatly to the right-leaning of American society in the late 20th century.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K712.5
【參考文獻】
相關博士學位論文 前2條
1 嚴志軍;萊昂內爾·特里林的文化批評[D];南京師范大學;2004年
2 陳茂華;理查德·霍夫施塔特的史學思想研究[D];復旦大學;2005年
，本文編號：2236979
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