美國“大規(guī)模報復(fù)戰(zhàn)略”興衰成因研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-09 19:22
【摘要】： 大規(guī)模報復(fù)戰(zhàn)略”是美國政府外交與軍事“新面貌”政策的核心,是20世紀(jì)50年代美國外交與軍事政策的一項重要內(nèi)容。它是美國軍事戰(zhàn)略從以常規(guī)威懾轉(zhuǎn)向以核威懾為主的標(biāo)志。該戰(zhàn)略出臺之后,倍受學(xué)者關(guān)注。無論在東西方之間,美國與其盟國之間,還是在美國國內(nèi),它都引起了極大的非議。學(xué)術(shù)界對此展開了激烈的辯論,學(xué)者們大多從國際政治學(xué)、軍事學(xué)、社會學(xué)的角度對其進(jìn)行剖析,但缺乏歷史學(xué)的宏觀思考;大多對該戰(zhàn)略出臺和演變的進(jìn)程、特點(diǎn)、影響加以關(guān)注,而對其興衰的原因著墨較少,缺乏系統(tǒng)研究。 “大規(guī)模報復(fù)戰(zhàn)略”興衰是冷戰(zhàn)過程中的一個重要的歷史現(xiàn)象,對該戰(zhàn)略興衰原因的探討具有重要的歷史意義;同時,剖析“大規(guī)模報復(fù)戰(zhàn)略”為“靈活反應(yīng)戰(zhàn)略”所取代的原因,既可探尋美國軍事戰(zhàn)略演變的軌跡,總結(jié)美國軍事戰(zhàn)略演變的規(guī)律,又可研究影響美國軍事戰(zhàn)略轉(zhuǎn)變的諸因素,為破解美國軍事戰(zhàn)略提供一定的經(jīng)驗與教訓(xùn)。因此,該研究又具有重要的理論價值與現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 “大規(guī)模報復(fù)戰(zhàn)略”出臺的原因主要有四個方面。首先,它是時代的產(chǎn)物,即冷戰(zhàn)的產(chǎn)物。其次,它是由戰(zhàn)后美國兩黨斗爭、麥卡錫主義等諸多政治因素的壓力促成。再次,它也是戰(zhàn)后美國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中經(jīng)濟(jì)波動壓力的結(jié)果。最后,美國核武器及運(yùn)載系統(tǒng)等方面軍事技術(shù)的領(lǐng)先,是其出臺的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。 其衰落原因同樣有四:第一,戰(zhàn)略本身的缺陷以及由此帶來的各種批評與內(nèi)部分歧使其漸入困境。第二,蘇聯(lián)陸�？铡叭灰惑w”的戰(zhàn)略核力量的形成使其失去了存在的物質(zhì)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。第三,以羅素和愛因斯坦倡導(dǎo)的反核反戰(zhàn)運(yùn)動在一定程度上推動了美國軍事戰(zhàn)略的轉(zhuǎn)變。第四,美國的盟友對該戰(zhàn)略效能的懷疑與在歷次危機(jī)中對美國用強(qiáng)的反對,使美國不得不改弦易轍。
[Abstract]:The strategy of large-scale retaliation is the core of the American government's foreign and military "new appearance" policy, and is an important part of the American foreign and military policy in the 1950s. It is the symbol of US military strategy from conventional deterrence to nuclear deterrence. After the introduction of this strategy, scholars pay close attention to it. Between East and West, between the United States and its allies, and within the United States, it has aroused great criticism. There is a heated debate in academic circles, most of which are analyzed from the angle of international political science, military science and sociology, but lack of historical macroscopic thinking. Influence should be paid attention to, but the reason of its rise and fall is less, lack of systematic research. The rise and fall of the strategy of mass retaliation is an important historical phenomenon in the course of the cold war, and it is of great historical significance to explore the reasons for the rise and fall of the strategy. Analyzing the reasons why "large-scale retaliation strategy" has been replaced by "flexible response strategy" can not only explore the evolution track of American military strategy, summarize the law of US military strategic evolution, but also study the factors that influence the change of US military strategy. To provide certain experience and lessons for unraveling the US military strategy. Therefore, the research has important theoretical value and practical significance. There are four main reasons for the introduction of the strategy of mass retaliation. First of all, it is the product of the times, that is, the product of the cold war. Second, it was driven by pressure from political factors such as the two-party struggle and McCarthyism in the United States after the war. Thirdly, it is also the result of the economic fluctuation pressure in the postwar American economic development. Finally, the United States nuclear weapons and delivery systems and other aspects of the military technology leadership, it was introduced the technical basis. There are also four reasons for its decline: first, the shortcomings of the strategy itself and the resulting criticism and internal differences make it into a difficult situation. Second, the formation of the strategic nuclear force of the Soviet Union, land, sea and air made it lose the material and technical basis of its existence. Thirdly, the anti-nuclear anti-war movement advocated by Russell and Einstein promoted the change of American military strategy to some extent. Fourth, America's allies' scepticism about the effectiveness of the strategy and its strong opposition to the United States in previous crises have forced the United States to change course.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K712.54
本文編號：2233332
[Abstract]:The strategy of large-scale retaliation is the core of the American government's foreign and military "new appearance" policy, and is an important part of the American foreign and military policy in the 1950s. It is the symbol of US military strategy from conventional deterrence to nuclear deterrence. After the introduction of this strategy, scholars pay close attention to it. Between East and West, between the United States and its allies, and within the United States, it has aroused great criticism. There is a heated debate in academic circles, most of which are analyzed from the angle of international political science, military science and sociology, but lack of historical macroscopic thinking. Influence should be paid attention to, but the reason of its rise and fall is less, lack of systematic research. The rise and fall of the strategy of mass retaliation is an important historical phenomenon in the course of the cold war, and it is of great historical significance to explore the reasons for the rise and fall of the strategy. Analyzing the reasons why "large-scale retaliation strategy" has been replaced by "flexible response strategy" can not only explore the evolution track of American military strategy, summarize the law of US military strategic evolution, but also study the factors that influence the change of US military strategy. To provide certain experience and lessons for unraveling the US military strategy. Therefore, the research has important theoretical value and practical significance. There are four main reasons for the introduction of the strategy of mass retaliation. First of all, it is the product of the times, that is, the product of the cold war. Second, it was driven by pressure from political factors such as the two-party struggle and McCarthyism in the United States after the war. Thirdly, it is also the result of the economic fluctuation pressure in the postwar American economic development. Finally, the United States nuclear weapons and delivery systems and other aspects of the military technology leadership, it was introduced the technical basis. There are also four reasons for its decline: first, the shortcomings of the strategy itself and the resulting criticism and internal differences make it into a difficult situation. Second, the formation of the strategic nuclear force of the Soviet Union, land, sea and air made it lose the material and technical basis of its existence. Thirdly, the anti-nuclear anti-war movement advocated by Russell and Einstein promoted the change of American military strategy to some extent. Fourth, America's allies' scepticism about the effectiveness of the strategy and its strong opposition to the United States in previous crises have forced the United States to change course.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K712.54
【共引文獻(xiàn)】
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，本文編號：2233332
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